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HO15 Midterm Review

review

cdobrowolski
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HO15 Midterm Review

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  1. Nutrition HO-15 Midterm Review

  2. Nutrients • Nutrients • Water • Carbohydrates • Fat • Protein • Vitamins • Minerals

  3. Nutrients • Nutrients - Organic • Water • Carbohydrates • Fat • Protein • Vitamins • Minerals

  4. Nutrients • Nutrients - Energy Yielding • Water • Carbohydrates • Fat • Protein • Vitamins • Minerals

  5. Nutrients • Nutrients - Energy Yielding • Water • Carbohydrates 4 calories/g • Fat 9 calories/g • Protein 4 calories/g • Vitamins • Minerals

  6. Nutrients • Nutrients - Energy Yielding • Water • Carbohydrates • Fat • Protein • Vitamins • Minerals

  7. Nutrients • Nutrients - Energy Yielding Muffin 280 calories (45 g) • 15 g CHO 15X4 = 60 calories • 20 g fat 20X9 = 180 calories • 10 g protein 10X4 = 40 calories 280 calories

  8. Recognizing a healthy diet • Adequacy - getting enough • Balance - proportionality • Moderation - nothing in excess • Variety - wide selection • Calorie Control - not too much or too little

  9. Research • Double blinded study • Placebo controlled • Intervention • Epidemiologic

  10. Research • Double blinded study • Placebo controlled • Interventional • Epidemiologic Gold Standard: Double Blind Placebo Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial

  11. Nutrient Density • Muffin # 1 • 280 calories • 20 g fat (15 g saturated fat) • 10 g sugar • Less than 2% daily value: Fe, Ca, Vit. A & C • Muffin #2 • 200 calories • 15 g fat (2 g saturated fat) • 4 g sugar (10 g whole grain CHO) • 10-15% daily value: Fe, Ca Vit. A & C

  12. Macronutrients Percent of Total Calories Carbohydrates 45-65% Fat 20-35% Protein 10-35% (10-15%)

  13. Macronutrients Example: Carbohydrates 45% Fat 30% Protein 25% TOTAL 100%

  14. Phytochemicals • Biologically active substance in plants • Non-nutrient • May protect against chronic disease • Anti-oxidants • Example: Soy, chocolate, flaxseed, tomatoes, garlic, wine, tea

  15. Mouth Stomach Liver Gallbladder Pancreas Small Intestine Colon

  16. Mouth - chews, mixes food with saliva Stomach - Liver - Gallbladder - Pancreas - Small Intestine- Colon -

  17. Mouth - chews, mixes food with saliva Stomach - mixes & churns food into a chyme. Denatures (uncoils) protein Liver - Gallbladder - Pancreas - Small Intestine- Colon -

  18. Mouth - chews, mixes food with saliva Stomach - mixes & churns food into a chyme. Denatures (uncoils) protein Liver - makes bile Gallbladder - Pancreas - Small Intestine- Colon -

  19. Mouth - chews, mixes food with saliva Stomach - mixes & churns food into a chyme. Denatures (uncoils) protein Liver - makes bile Gallbladder - stores bile Pancreas - Small Intestine- Colon -

  20. Mouth - chews, mixes food with saliva Stomach - mixes & churns food into a chyme. Denatures (uncoils) protein Liver - makes bile Gallbladder - stores bile Pancreas - secretes digestive enzymes Small Intestine- Colon

  21. Mouth - chews, mixes food with saliva Stomach - mixes & churns food into a chyme. Denatures (uncoils) protein Liver - makes bile Gallbladder - stores bile Pancreas - secretes digestive enzymes Small Intestine-enzymes break down fat, protein, CHO & absorbed Colon -

  22. Mouth - chews, mixes food with saliva Stomach - mixes & churns food into a chyme. Denatures (uncoils) protein Liver - makes bile Gallbladder - stores bile Pancreas - secretes digestive enzymes Small Intestine- enzymes break down fat, protein, CHO & absorbed Colon - fluid and minerals absorption & some fiber fragments absorbed

  23. Storage Organs When we eat too much…… • Carbohydrate - it is stored as • Fat - it is stored as • Protein - it is stored as

  24. Storage Organs When we eat too much…… • Carbohydrate (glucose) - it is stored as • glycogen in liver and muscle • fat in adipose cells • Fat - it is stored as • Protein - it is stored as

  25. Storage Organs When we eat too much…… • Carbohydrate (glucose) - it is stored as • glycogen in liver and muscle • fat in adipose cells • Fat - it is stored as • Fat in adipose cells • Protein - it is stored as

  26. Storage Organs When we eat too much…… • Carbohydrate (glucose) - it is stored as • glycogen in liver and muscle • fat in adipose cells • Fat - it is stored as • Fat in adipose cells • Protein - it is stored as • Fat in adipose cells • Note: protein is not stored in the body

  27. Carbohydrates • Simple or Complex?

  28. Carbohydrates • Simple or Complex? Simple!

  29. Simple Carbohydrates Monosaccharides Disaccharides

  30. Complex Carbohydrates Starch Fiber Glycogen fiber glycogen

  31. Fiber

  32. Which part of the wheat kernel Has fiber?

  33. Which part of the wheat kernel has fiber? Bran Which part of the wheat kernel has starch?

  34. Which part of the wheat kernel has fiber? Bran Which part of the wheat kernel has starch? Endosperm Which part of the wheat kernel has nutrients & protein?

  35. Which part of the wheat kernel has fiber? Bran Which part of the wheat kernel has starch? Endosperm Which part of the wheat kernel has nutrients & protein? Germ Which part of the wheat kernel is not edible?

  36. Which part of the wheat kernel has fiber? Bran Which part of the wheat kernel has starch? Endosperm Which part of the wheat kernel has nutrients & protein? Germ Which part of the wheat kernel is not edible? Husk

  37. List the appropriate sequence of events which happen after you eat a plain white bagel: • I. Starch starts to breakdown into maltose in the mouth • II. Maltose breaks down into glucose in the small intestines • III. Glucose is absorbed from the small intestines into the bloodstream • IV. The pancreas secretes insulin in response to high blood glucose • V. Insulin transports glucose from the bloodstream into cells • VI. Blood glucose decreases

  38. Insulin & Glucose insulin glucose Insulin receptor Glucose transported across cell

  39. Diabetes (Type I & II) • Onset

  40. Diabetes (Type I & II) • Onset • Type I - typically childhood • Type II - typically adulthood - recently seen developing in childhood

  41. Diabetes (Type I & II) • Cause • Type I - • Type II -

  42. Diabetes (Type I & II) • Cause • Type I - autoimmune disease, insulin secreting cells impaired • Type II - acquired, insulin resistance, obesity, genetics, diet

  43. Diabetes (Type I & II) • Insulin secretion • Type I - • Type II -

  44. Diabetes (Type I & II) • Insulin secretion • Type I - no natural insulin • Type II - enough or too much insulin

  45. Lipids Triglycerides (TG) • ≈95% of all lipids in foods and the human body • Phospholipids • For example, lecithin • Sterols • For example, cholesterol P

  46. Fats

  47. Percent of Calories from Fat • Hamburger • 500 calories • 25 g saturated fat

  48. Percent of Calories from Fat • Hamburger • 500 calories • 25 g saturated fat 25 g X 9 calories/g = 225 calories

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