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Expert Fire Protection Services for Sprinkler Systems Design

Learn about wet/dry riser, automatic alarms, occupancy types, system variations, and sprinkler design for different hazards. Explore tank and pump placement, exemption criteria, room protection, and system layout considerations. Get insights on concealed sprinklers, partition measurements, spacing guidelines, and pipe sizing for efficient fire suppression installations.

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Expert Fire Protection Services for Sprinkler Systems Design

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  1. Fire Protection Services By Yik Yu Hock 21 November 2013

  2. Fire Protection Services • Fire Sprinkler System • Wet/Dry Riser, Hosereel and Hydrant Design • Automatic and Manual Fire Alarm System

  3. Sprinkler Design • Occupancy classification, CP 52 • Light Hazard Occupancy • Ordinary Hazard Occupancy • High Hazard Occupancy • Types of System • Wet pipe conventional, pre-action, dry pipe, deluge. Differences? • In rack sprinklers • ESFR (Early Suppression and Fast Response) • Water monitor / cannon

  4. Deluge / Pre-Action System

  5. Water Monitors

  6. ESFR Sprinkler • Warehouse • No need for in rack sprinklers • Caution in use • Not suitable for all types of storage (FM / NFPA)

  7. Types of sprinkler

  8. Types of sprinkler

  9. Sprinkler Design • Sprinkler installation CV coverage • Sprinkler coverage • Sprinkler piping • Pipe schedule for OH, LH • Full hydraulic for HH

  10. FS drain test line for FS drain FS FS drain FM P PS vortex inhibitor Typical Sprinkler Schematic test line PRV BI to pipe if highest sprinkler<60m high>60m to tank from PUB main 150 (min) to drain to drain 2 main pumps & 1 jockey pump

  11. Staged Zones • Bottom up / Top Down • Combination of top & bottom feed • Central feed – up & down • Word of Caution!! • 10 bars max • Full size tank • Combined Sprinkler / Wet Riser. Consult QP early.

  12. Examples

  13. Sprinkler Tank • Tank = Refer Table 16 for OH. • For HH full hydraulic cal, flow base on most favourable area x time of storage • Consider gravity tank for high rise, flow & pressure determined by hydraulic calculations • Water source – FSSD / PUB requirements

  14. Sprinkler Pumps • Pumps – design point should fall within pump curve with additional margin • Pump motor – 20% more for non-overloading • Appropriate listing • Positive suction

  15. Plant Room/Services Space Allocation • Sprinkler tank • Low level • Less RL 125.000 (water inlet) • Reinforced Concrete, save space • U/g not preferred, hard to detect leak, got to use vert. turbine pumps • Overflow pipe preferably terminate to external drain than within room sump. • Sprinkler pump room • Next to tank, same level or lower than tank • Flooding risk

  16. Plant Room/Services Space Allocation • Control valve (Clause 9.1.2) • Adjacent or near 1st sty FCC or fire fighting lobby • Or in protected area accessible from common area • Pre-consult FSSD • Breeching Inlet (Clause 5.4.3) • Near to control valve, must be at ground level, within 18m from fire engine access way, need to earth (architect to indicate).

  17. Sprinkler Exemption • Room exempted from sprinkler protection • Protected Staircase (require only cut-off sprinkler) • LV switchroom, HV switchroom, transformer room(oil type), electric lift motor room, elect room, emergency lighting battery room, MDF room, PABX room • Provided the above are fire compartmented • Refer to Fire Code table 6.4A & CP52 Clause 4.2.5. • Not required above indoor swimming pool • Coldroom < 30m2, no flammable storage

  18. Note on Special Room / Protection • Computer room, may consider, pre-action system or gas suppression • Fuel storage – foam system • Lift pit & shaft, escalator pit, services shaft, Generator room

  19. Fire Suppression System

  20. Fire Suppression System

  21. Concealed Sprinkler Required? • Needed when ceiling depth more than 400mm • 800mm for office only, ceiling contain no combustible material, services not combustible • Raised floor.

  22. more than 500mm, ignore partition eg. toilet cubicle, office low partition Partition Consideration • Pg. 49, clause 6.4.8

  23. Perforated Ceiling Clause 6.7.3 c) • Opening area (incl. services such as light fixture) >60%, ignore ceiling but provide sprinkler buffer plate sprinkler buffer baffle buffer

  24. 0 adj. sprinkler >600mm within 2m 0 sprinkler Sprinkler Layout • Area coverage per sprinkler = 12 m2 • Max. dist apart = 4.2 m • Min. dist apart = 2.1 m(prevent wetting adj. unactivated sprinkler) • Max. dist from wall/partition = 2.1 mMin. dist from wall/partition = 100mm (NFPA 13) • Sprinkler closer than 600mm to column, place another sprinkler on the app. side within 2.1m from column • Sprinkler under duct • For circular duct more than 1000mm • For rectangular duct more than 800mm

  25. Sprinkler Layout • Cut off sprinkler • In Staircase • Locate just above door • Don’t block • Dist. from beampg. 69, table 8pg. 149 & 150, fig. 16 (a),(b) & (c) EXIT

  26. Sprinkler Layout • Pipe routing neat, free space for other services, more bends pendent “candle” type, untidy, occupy ceiling space, relatively easier to design

  27. distribution >300mm range 2 end side 3 end side Pipe Sizing • Defintion • Range pipe definition, pg. 14 clause 2.3 • Distribution pipe definition, pg. 12 clause 2.11 • Range pipe sizing, pg. 109, table 18a • Distribution pipe sizing, pg. 109, table 18b If dropper longer than 300mm, size all pipe as distribution pipe Usage of flexible pipe

  28. Pipe Sizing • Pipe size betw design point to cv • <150kpa pressure loss • Each turn equivalent to 3m of straight pipe • Design point 18/16 point awayeg. Pg. 138, Figure 3 • Static height adv. refer to pg. 111 clause 11.4.2.3

  29. height adv. (x) Pipe Sizing CV

  30. Other Pipes Size Pump Suction Pipe • Pump suction pipe = 150 - OH GP 1 & 2 = 200 - OH GP 3 CV Drain Pipe • Min. 50mm (clause 11.5), calculate size based on testing flowrate (OH 3 = 1350 L/Min) and available pump head.

  31. Automatic Fire Alarm System • Conventional vs Addressable Fire Alarm System • Manual & Automatic Fire Alarm System • Ref. Fire Code: Table 6.3A for provision of fire alarms to building

  32. Automatic Fire Alarm- Conventional System

  33. Automatic Fire Alarm- Typical Schematic of an Addressable System

  34. Rising Mains and Hosereel System • Statutory requirements • Max flowrate for Non-residential bldg is 190l/s and 130l/s for residential bldg. 45 mins storage. • Max zone height 120m. Landing valve outlet max 8 bar. • The landing valve & hosereel positioning is by Architect. • Multi-outlet pumps – Consult QP early

  35. Multi-stage Wet Riser Pump

  36. Reflections Condominium

  37. Reflections Condominium

  38. Wet Riser Pump Selection

  39. Fire Hydrant • Direct supply – RL 125m and below • Min 150mm dia and must meet pressure and flow requirements • Pump / tank system – comply to SS 575 (CP 29) wet rising mains requirement and Fire Code Table 4.4.2 • Running pressure > = 0.9 x running pressure of nearest hydrant – pressure drop across the bulk water meter

  40. Fire Hydrant • Flow Rate > = 0.9 x water flow of the nearest public hydrant or > = total flow demand shown in Table 4.4.2 • Hydrant mains running in building – fire rated.

  41. The following are attached for your guide: • Checklist for Fire Protection System for RI inspection • QMS Checklist – Concept Design, 50% and 100% (download from Beca’s QMS website).

  42. Thank you

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