Bali Bombings

1. Bali Bombings • Available online at http://msbeenen.wikispaces.com

2. W.W.W.W • Who? Jemaah Islamiyah • What? Bombings • When? 2002 • Where? Kutu, Bali

3. The Attack • 11:05pm CIT on October 12 a suicide bomber inside Paddy’s Pub set off a bomb in his backpack injuring many club goers and forcing everyone outside, when this occurred a second bomb which was much more powerful than the first detonated inside a white Mitsubishi van. • The explosion damaged the residential and commercial property; it destroyed neighborhood buildings and shattered windows several blocks away. The crater left by the bomb was a metre deep. • The local hospital was ill-equipped to deal with the amount of victims and injuries and became overwhelmed with burn victims. So many people needed treatment for burns that they were placed in nearby hotel pools to soothe the pain. • People were flown extreme distances to Darwin and Perth to receive treatment for burns. • Another bomb exploded outside the US consulate but only caused minor injuries to one person and had very little property damage. The bomb was apparently packed with human excrement.

5. The Victims • 202 people died in the explosion, mainly western tourists who were on holiday, it also killed many Balinese Indonesians working or living nearby. Hundreds of people were either injured or severely burned. • 88 Australians were killed. • Two bodies were never identified and were cremated

6. The Heroes • Many individuals performed acts of heroism. KusitinoHalemai was an Aussie who managed a hotel and sheltered survivors after the attack. He received the Medal of the Order of Australia on June 13th 2005 • Richard and GilanaPoore organized a triage area in the hotels reception area and were also rewarded an OAM • James Parkinson was an emergency nurse who worked together Dr. Hogg running a trauma centre for burn victims received an OAM.

7. The Suspects • The suspects for the bomb were the Islamist group Jemaah Islamiya. It wasn’t until later that Osama bin Laden came forward claiming the bombings happened because of the American War on Terror. The bombing was the worst act of terror since 9/11 • Sheik Aris, Abdullah Sughayer, Amrozi were responsible for the bombings. When the arrests occurred Amorzi was asleep and did not attempt to escape but laughed instead. When the police searched his home they found chemicals and speeches by Osama bin Laden and training manuals dealing with ambush. Amorzi named the others involved in the bombing. • In 2003 Abu Bakar Bashi was charged with treason for being the leader of Jemaah Islamiyah and for trying to overthrow the government and set up an Islamic state. Bashir was also related to church bombings that had occurred earlier in 2000 as well as a plot to bomb the United States and Singapore. On Sept 2 he was acquitted but was still sentenced to 4 years in prison. He was then later arrested for other bombings in Jakarta that killed 14 people and then for the Bali bombings. He was sentenced to 2 ½ years in prison. • Charges against Amrozi bin Haji were made for buying explosives and the van used in the bombing, he was found guilty and sentenced to death. Imam Samudra was sentenced to death as well; Ali Imron expressed remorse for his actions and was sentenced to life in prison. Ali Ghufron was also sentenced to death on Oct 1.

8. Sentencing • In October 2008 the three men that carried out the bombings were executed by firing squad. • Foreign governments were extremely satisfied with the speed of the Indonesian police and the courts that dealt with the suspects even though they viewed earlier sentencing as too light. In Australia the death penalty has been abolished but when it came to the Bali Bombings 55% of the country approved of the death penalty. • Any petitions for judicial review were denied and so were the bombers appeals. The execution would not be delayed of changed for any reason. The three would be executed simultaneously but at three different locations.

9. Memorials • Memorials were erected in Bali and Australia. A permanent memorial was built at the site of Paddy’s Pub and bore the names of all the victims and their nationalities. • In Melbourne in Lincoln Square a memorial represents the 88 Australians who died in the bombings. The memorial consists of 88 jets in a fountain and lights that represent each person who died. On the anniversary of the bombings the fountain shuts off and becomes a reflecting pool. • In Perth a memorial lists the western Australian victims of the bombings. It is designed to frame the rays of the sun at dawn on October 12 each year and faces the direction of Bali. • In Gold Coast a stone memorial is set up Allambe Memorial Park at Nerang. A bronze plaque lists the names of 88 Australians who died in the bombings. • In Sydney a memorial stands at Coogee Beach, another memorial stands Cronulla. • Canberra has a granite cube in the Formal Gardens of the In London a memorial site was opened at the rear of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. It is a 1.5m marble globe to represent all the 21 countries that had victims in the bombing. 202 doves are carved into it with the names of the victims on a wall behind it. • In Hong Kong, two placards were unveiled in memory of the members of the Hong Kong Football Club that were killed

11. Reflection Questions • What type of terrorism is this? • How did it produce changes in Human wellbeing, social, economic and political structures? • How did it affect Australia?

12. Commemoration Art • Create memorial art (this can be drawing/poem/video) • Write a paragraph on what it symbolizes.