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Context and Smart Homes

Explore the integration of contextual intelligence in smart homes, such as location-based and appliance-specific contexts, shared contexts like KitchenSense database, and task-specific applications like Virtual Recipes. Discover how these technologies align with activity theories and enhance user experiences.

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Context and Smart Homes

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  1. Context and Smart Homes Sharena Paripatyadar

  2. Home vs. Work • What are the differences? vs.

  3. Home vs. Work • Work • Organized and structured tasks and activities • Specific frameworks: • Efficiency, Productivity, Profit • Home • “Free choice” environments • But, still structured procedures • Specific rooms with specific functionalities

  4. Context • Smart Homes take advantage of standard procedures • Detect current state in environment and then determine what action to take

  5. MIT’s Counter Intelligence

  6. MIT’s Counter Intelligence • Location based context • Appliance specific context • Shared context • Task specific context

  7. Location based Context • Knows where you are in the space • Why is this important?

  8. Location based Context • What appliance you are likely to be using • What task you may be performing • Where to display information • What you might do next

  9. Appliance Specific Context • HeatSink

  10. Appliance Specific Context • SeeSink • Determines temperature and water flow based on object placed under the sink • Using CCD camera

  11. Analysis • How does SeeSinkfit with the theories? • Activity theory • Activity, Objects, Actions, Operations • Dey: • Context can be represented and processed • Entities/Characteristic Info (context) • Dourish: • Context is emergent and constantly changing

  12. Shared Context

  13. Shared Context • Background • Often use several appliances together or in sequence • Redundant information may be carried between them

  14. Shared Context: KitchenSense • KitchenSense • Central database as shared knowledge base • Annotates sensor input with most probable human activity • Creates scenarios based on previous states of the environment • E.g. dirty dishes  dishwasher can turn on

  15. Shared Context: KitchenSense

  16. Shared Context: Architecture Outputs Inputs

  17. Analysis • How does this Shared Context fit with the theories? • Activity theory • Activity, Objects, Actions, Operations • Dey: • Context can be represented and processed • Entities/Characteristic Info (context) • Dourish: • Context is emergent and constantly changing

  18. Task Specific: Virtual Recipes • Step by step instructions presented to the user • Recipe projected onto kitchen surfaces • No button pressing necessary • Tells user where to go for materials • Knows the location of ingredients and tools

  19. Task Specific: Virtual Recipes • Augmented Reality Interface for Kitchen • Shows information directly on task being performed • Designed to lessen users distraction

  20. Task Specific: Virtual Recipes • Augmented Reality Interface for Kitchen • Exogenous Clues • Little mental processing required • Using light on faucet to show cold/hot water

  21. Task Specific: Virtual Recipes • Augmented Reality Interface for Kitchen • Endogenous Clues • Used for more complex tasks • Arrow on counter surface pointing to location of desired object

  22. Task Specific: Virtual Recipes • Augmented Reality Interface for Kitchen • Serial/Parallel visual searching • Pop-out through illumination of cabinets

  23. Task Specific: Virtual Recipe

  24. Analysis • How does Virtual Recipe & Augmented Reality Interface fit with the theories? • Activity theory • Activity, Objects, Actions, Operations • Dey: • Context can be represented and processed • Entities/Characteristic Info (context) • Dourish: • Context is emergent and constantly changing

  25. Class Brainstorm • How would you improve their Smart Kitchen? • What would you add or remove? • Will people use the technologies?

  26. Georgia Tech’s Aware Home

  27. Georgia Tech’s Aware Home • Context desired: • Who is where • What they are doing • Focused Use Case: Elderly Care

  28. Who is Where • Smart Floor • Smart Floor tiles place strategically in home • Identify person by foot steps Wearable computer –

  29. What They are Doing • Smart Audio Video Sensor • Arrays of cameras & microphones • Track and detect activities • E.g. reading, computer activity, taking a phone message • 98% accuracy

  30. What They are Doing • Smart Shirt • Wearable garment to monitor vital signs of the human body • Able to sense, adapt, and respond to needs of the wearer and environment

  31. Elderly Care • Support connection between elderly parents & adult children • Support ‘everyday cognition’, augmenting memory • Identify potential crisis situations

  32. Analysis • How does the Aware Home fit with the theories? • Activity theory • Activity, Objects, Actions, Operations • Dey: • Context can be represented and processed • Entities/Characteristic Info (context) • Dourish: • Context is emergent and constantly changing

  33. Social & Privacy Concerns • “Aware Home” suggests: • Occupant control over the information and who sees it • Controlled through a wearable computer • Do you think this addresses the issue?

  34. Context-based Infrastructurefor Smart Environments

  35. Context-based Infrastructure • In the “Aware Home”: • Context: Any information that can be used to characterize the situation of an entity • An entity is a person, place, physical or computational object • Which theory does this relate to?

  36. Context-Based Infrastructure:Past Methods • Application-specific sensors • Problems: • Application must deal with low level sensor details • Loss of generality and reuse • Use sever to hide sensor details • Problems: • Application must poll server for context info • Need new server for each type of sensor

  37. Context-based Infrastructure:Inspiration • Similar to Input: Widgets • Context widget • Encapsulate piece of context • Independent of how context was sensed • Different from Input • Source sensors are distributed, not one PC • Sensor context is not in the form application requires • Widgets are not part of the application

  38. Context-based Infrastructure: Requirements • Must support distributed input & different platforms • Must interpret context based on sensors • Must aggregate context widgets to provide complete context for an entity • Must store context history

  39. Context-based Infrastructure: Architecture

  40. Context-based Infrastructure:Limitations • Uses discrete context • Need to support “sensor fusion” due to unreliability of sensors • Needs resource discovery to find widgets of interest • Automatically restarting of components that fail

  41. Summary • Smart Homes are Context Aware Applications • In the home, context is used to: • Simplify tasks • Ensure safety • Increase efficiency • Provide extra knowledge • Conserve limited resources

  42. Final Thoughts • Mozer poses the idea: • Novel interfaces are bad for home technology because: • people are satisfied with the current home controls • High learning curve for new technologies • He proposes uses existing switches but automating them: • e.g. automatic light regulation

  43. Final Thoughts • MIT Media Lab and Georgia Tech “Aware Home” use novel interfaces • What do you think?

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