Radioactive Waste Management Infrastructure in Egypt: Experience & Capabilities

1. Radioactive Waste Management Infrastructure in Egypt: Experience & Capabilities Prof. Ahmed El-Kamash Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority

2. Nuclear Authorities In Egypt

3. Waste Management System in Egypt

5. Inshas Nuclear Complex 2MW Research Reactor 22 MW Research Reactor Nuclear chemistry department Radioisotope production lab. Activation analysis Nuclear fuel production lab. Nuclear metallurgy lab. Decontamination activities Radioactive Waste Generation in Egypt Other External Generators • Medical uses: Hospital, medical lab. • Research uses: Research institute, universities • Industrial uses: Petroleum, inspection , etc.

6. Waste Management Division Practice 7 R &D • Studying waste composition • Treatment • Immobilization in cement, ceramic material • Site-characteristics • P.A. &S.A • Transport to HLWMC site. • Treatment of solid & liquid wastes • Conditioning • Storage • Near surface disposal

7. Treatment facilities

8. Treatment facilities Low Active Waste Incinerator

9. Treatment facilities Solid Waste Minimization

10. Conditioning facility Waste conditioning

11. Interim Storage

12. New storage

13. One of the FOUR Disposal Trenches

14. The Drainage Well for the Four Trenches

15. Waste from NPP Radioactive waste generated from NPP can be divided into • power reactor wastes, and • fuel cycle facility wastes, • Power reactors are responsible for the largest volume of LLW. • Fuel cycle plants, such as fuel enrichment plants and fuel fabrication plants, produce small volumes of LLW relative to power reactors.

16. Power Reactor Wastes The majority of power reactor wastes : • Liquid radioactive wastes, • Wet solids (including slurries), • Dry active solid wastes (DAW), • Liquid organic wastes, and • Thermal waste.

17. Power Reactor Wastes

18. Power Reactor Wastes 1) Liquid Radioactive Wastes • Liquid radioactive wastes are produced from recycled reactor core fluids, hydraulic fluid from equipment repairs, housekeeping activities, and laundering. • These wastes are treated to remove the maximum amount of radioactive contamination. • Treated liquids are then typically recycled or discharged to the environment under the control of the plant operating license and national regulations.

19. Power Reactor Wastes 2) Wet solids Radioactive wet solid wastes consist of solid wastes containing greater than 5% liquid. Most radioactive wet solid wastes are produced from cleaning aqueous processing systems at power reactors. • Spent Ion-Exchange Resins • Filter Sludge • Cartridge Filters

20. 3) Dry active solid wastes Cloth (rags, mops, gloves) Contaminated dirt Contaminated tools and equipment, Filters Glass High density concrete block Miscellaneous metal, Aerosol cans, Buckets, Crushed drums, Fittings, Pipes and Valves Miscellaneous wood Plastic Bags, gloves, shoe covers, Sample bottles Rubber, Sweeping Compounds Irradiated metal alloys Flux wires, Flow channels, Fuel channels, In-core instrumentation, Poison channels, Shim rods. Power Reactor Wastes

21. 4) Liquid organic wastes liquid organic wastes includes pump oil, lubricating oils, organic resins, liquid scintillation counting solutions, and decontamination solutions containing organic chelating agents. Liquid organic waste volumes are very small when compared to the total generated volume of LLW Power Reactor Wastes

22. Power Reactor Wastes 5) Thermal waste • This waste is common both to conventional and nuclear plants. • The quantity of thermal waste proportional to the size of the plant. • In a NPP with a PWR operates at a thermal power of 1000 MW must dispose of approximately 2.4 million Btu/s. If this quantity of heat were released into a river having a flow rate of 1000 cubic ft/s, the entire river temperature would rise by 33 degrees Fahrenheit.

23. Fuel Cycle Wastes Fuel cycle facility wastes include • Calcium fluoride generated from hydrogen fluoride gas scrubbers, • Filter sludge, • Contaminated equipment, and • Trash.