Unit 6 Migration By Peng Zhenzhu Nov., 10, 2008

1. Unit 6 Migration By Peng Zhenzhu Nov., 10, 2008

2. Ⅰ Lead-in Since the dawn of human evolution, people have been on the move. A migration may be betweencountries or withincountries. Individuals, families, or groups of people may leave a country voluntarily or involuntarily for various reasons. The spread and mix of people of different cultures and ethnic origins has added to the diversity of every country in the world.

3. Warm-up Vocabulary study • Directions: Work with your partner to match the words in the left column with their exact meanings in the right column.

4. Migration movement of people from one place to another Assimilation integrating into a new place Repulsion forcing people to leave a place and become an exile. Immigration settling in a foreign country Refugee an individual who seeks protection in another country. Emigration leaving a country to live in another Invasion taking a place by force Colonization starting a territory in a previously occupied land

5. Ⅱ Listen and Speak • Section One • Task 1 Listening in • Dialogue—Dialogue with Jones • Directions: Listen to the dialogue and answer the questions(P.85).

6. Section one • Monologue—Labor Migration • Directions: Listen to the monologue and fill the blanks. • Words and expressions: • Prominent: adj.显著的; 突出的 • Stagnation: n.停滞 • Auspices: n. 资助，赞助 • Permanent: adj.永久的, 固定的 • circular: adj. 循环的

7. Labor migration from rural to urban areas has emerged as a prominent phenomenon in China since the mid-1980s after decades of stagnation. Before then, the household registration system had successfully confined the population to the place of birth. Rural to urban migration only occurred at an extremely small scale under theauspicesof the government. Since the mid-1980s, a large number of migrants have successfully entered cities without official approval. Although there is no accurate estimation of the scale of migration, it is commonly believed that tens of million rural migrants are residing in cities without the permanentstatus required to be there, and a large proportion of these people are circular migrants, that is to say, they move back and forth frequently.

8. Section One • Task 2 speaking out Role-play (P.86) • Make up short conversations based on the following roles and situations. Try to use the expressions offered. • Situation 1: Father/ Mother/ Son/Daughter • Useful expressions • excessively high education costs • High tuition fees for non-local students (fees to study at a school away from the child's registered permanent residence) • supporting fees (which migrant workers are required to pay before sending their children to urban public schools) • children who are left-behind

9. Task 2 Speaking out Role-play (P.86) • Situation 2: Migrant workers / Guangzhou Residents The number of migrant workers in Guangdong is estimated at 26.2 million. About 60 percent to 65 percent of the migrant workers wanted to return home for family reunions during the Spring Festival, the traditional Chinese Lunar New Year

10. Dialogue between migrant workers and Guangzhou residents

11. Useful expression for situation 2 • labor shortage in big cities • enjoying equal residency rights • low wages, heavy workload and poor working conditions • the establishment of an equal social security system • residence registration certificates

12. Section Two Desperate Journey • Task 1 listening in • Listening--News Report 1—Desperate Journey • Listen to the news and do the exercises on P.88

13. Word tips • cavernous: adj. (of a space or hole) very large and deep 大而深的 • scheme: vi. to make clever dishonest plans 图谋,策划 • stipend: n. a sum of money allotted on a regular basis; usually for some specific purpose 定期生活津贴 • converge: vi. (of two or more things) to come together towards the same point (两个以上的东西)集中，会聚 • asphyxiation: n. suffocation. 窒息 • electrocute: vi. kill with electricity 电刑 • undercarriage: n. framework that serves as a support for the body of a vehicle (车辆)底架, 车盘, 着陆装置 • wand: n. a thin supple twig or rod (探)棒

14. Section Two • Task 2 Speakingout • A. Group Discussion: Form groups of four and discuss the questions below • Talk about and compare the migration history of your family. Trace your ancestors and their travels to other countries or other areas of the country. Discuss their motivations of relocation. • Where would you like to move to after graduation from college? List the reasons why you would like to move there.

15. Section Two • B. Role-play • Situation: Having obtained your master’s degree in America, you have been offered several job opportunities. Originally, you planned to go back home and find a job in China. Now, you are quite hesitant about whether to stay in America or go back to China. You turn to your parents for advice. Your parent insist that you have more opportunities in China and you should go back to stay with them. Finally, you make your decision after discussing the situation with your parents. • Role A: the student • Role B: the father or mother

16. Section Three Friction on Immigration • Task 1 Listening in • News Report 2—Friction on Immigration • Listen to the news and do the exercises on p. 91

17. Word Tips • friction: n.unfriendliness and disagreement caused by two opposing wills or different sets of opinion, ideas, or natures 意见冲突，不友好 • rally: n. a large esp.political public meeting (政治的) 群众集会 • alpine: adj. of the Alps or other high mountains 阿尔卑斯山的 • ignite: vi. to start to burn 开始燃烧，点燃，点火 • caption: n. words printed above or below a picture, newspaper article, etc., to say what it is about or give further information. （图片，报刊等的）题目，说明文字 • inundate: vi.(often pass常用被动态) to flood over in large amounts, esp. so as to cover 淹没，（洪水般地）涌来 • influx: n. (usu. sing.) the esp. sudden arrival of large numbers or quantities (尤指突然的) 大量涌进

18. Section Three • Directions: Divide the class into two large groups and debate about the statement “Should China limit its talents’ emigration?” • The pro side: • China should limit its talents’ emigration • The con side: • China should not limit its talents’ emigration

19. What is brain drain/ brain gain • Brain drain or human capital flight is a large emigration of individuals withtechnical skills or knowledge, normally due to conflict, lack of opportunity, or political instability. A brain drain is usually regarded as an economic cost, since emigrants usually take with them the fraction of value of their training sponsored by the government. The converse phenomenon is brain gain, which occurs when there is a large-scale immigration of technically qualified persons.

20. Since China began market economic reforms in the late 70s, many Chinese began migrating to countries Western Europe and North America. It is estimated that only 30 percent of the 100 000 Chinese students who study abroad annually return to China. The fact is there are many more job opportunities, higher standard of living and education opportunities for Chinese living abroad. • As China continues to expand and accelerate market reforms, it faces massive shortage of professionals and also having to compete with western countries for experts.

21. Pro side: China should limit its talents’ emigration. Con side: China shouldn’t limit its talents’ emigration Debate: Should China limit its talents’ emigration?” Opening statement Pro side: 2 minutes Con side: 2 minutes First Rebuttal Pro side: 2 minutes Con side: 2 minutes Second Rebuttal Pro side: 2 minutes Con side:2 minutes Third Rebuttal Pro side: 2 minutes Con side: 2 minutes Closing statement Pro side: 2 minutes Con side: 2 minutes

22. Ⅳ Further Listening • Ⅳ Further Listening (News Report 3—Immigration to America)

23. Word Tips • apall: vt. to shock deeply; fill with fear, hatred, terror, etc. 使惊骇；使充满恐惧 • persecution: n. persistent mistreatment of an individual/group by another group迫害 • senator: n. a member of the senate. 参议员 • awesome: adj. expressing or causing feelings of awe 令人敬畏的，令人恐惧的 • chaos: n. state of complete and thorough disorder and confusion 混乱

24. Ⅴ Enrichment Reading • Immigration and Culture Diversity