MHS 5340 Foundations of Career Development

1. MHS 5340Foundations of Career Development Use of Theory in Designing and Delivering Career Services James P. Sampson, Jr. Florida State University

2. Benefits of Theory for Counselors • Explain causal factors in behavior and guide needs assessment and diagnosis • Plan interventions and treatment plans as well as homework assignments • Foundation for developing assessments and information / instructional resources • Evaluate counseling outcomes

3. Benefits of Theory for Clients • Better understand the nature of their problems • Better understand the value and use of counseling interventions and homework assignments • Better understand their assessment results and information / instructional resources • Evaluate success in changing behaviors

4. Career Theory • Emphasis in this course • CIP Theory (Peterson, Sampson, Reardon, & Lenz) • John Holland • Donald Super • John Krumboltz

5. Other Useful Career Theory • Work-Adjustment (Lofquist & Dawis) • Social-Cognitive (Lent, Brown & Hackett) • Circumscription and Compromise (Linda Gotfredson) • Constructivist • Contextual (Young, Valach, & Collin) • SocioDynamic (Peavy) • Values (Brown) • Sociological (Borow) • Career Decision Making (Gati) • DOTS Model (Watts & Law )

6. CIP Theory • Refer to CIP Approach presentations www.career.fsu.edu/techcenter/designingcareerservices.html

7. John Holland • RIASEC Typology of interests (also includes values and abilities) • Secondary constructs • Application of the theory

8. RIASEC Typology • Classification of individuals and environments by personality - Hexagon • Realistic • Investigative • Artistic • Social • Enterprising • Conventional

9. Secondary Constructs • Congruence • Coherence of aspirations or work history • Vocational identity • Consistency • Differentiation • Commonness

10. Application of the Theory • Self-help resources • Self-Directed Search and Occupations Finder • High school students and adults (Form R), Middle school students (Career Explorer), Employed adults (Form CP), Low reading adults (Form E) • Paper and Pencil, Mail-in scoring, Computer, and Internet versions available for Form R • Educational Opportunities Finder, Leisure Activities Finder also available • You and Your Career

11. Application of the Theory • Counselor-mediated resources • My Vocational Situation • Position Classification Inventory • Career Attitudes and Strategies Inventory • Dictionary of Holland Occupational Codes • Vocational Preference Inventory • Vocational Exploration and Insight Kit (VEIK) • Schema for organizing occupations, programs of study, positions, leisure activities

12. Donald Super • Developmental process • Readiness for decision making • Life-Career Rainbow • Application of the theory

13. Developmental Process • Longitudinal, developmental approach instead of a single choice, matching approach • Implementation of self-concept

14. Life Stages and Substages • Growth • Fantasy • Interest • Capacity • Exploration • Tentative • Transition • Trail-Little Commitment

15. Life Stages and Substages • Establishment • Trial-Commitment and Stabilization • Advancement • Maintenance • Decline • Deceleration • Retirement

16. Readiness for Decision Making • Career maturity (adolescents) • Career adaptability (adults) • Work salience

17. Life-Career Rainbow Major life-career roles • Child (son / daughter • Student • Worker • Spouse • Parent • Homemaker • Citizen • Leisurite • Annuitant (pensioner / retiree)

18. Life-Career Rainbow • Roles change • Specific beginnings and endings • Changes in relative importance

19. Application of the Theory • Creation of standards and the comprehensive design of career programs • Assessment of career maturity, values, work salience, adult career concerns • Renegotiation of life roles

20. John Krumboltz • Influences on career decision making • Consequences in decision making • Career beliefs • Application of the theory

21. Influences • Genetic endowment and special abilities • Environmental conditions and events • Learning experiences • Associative (classical conditioning) • Instrumental (operant conditioning)

22. Consequences • Self-observation generalizations • World-view generalizations • Task –approach skills • Actions

23. Consequences • Self-observation generalizations • Overt or covert self statements evaluating one’s own actual or vicarious performance in relation to learned standards • World-view generalizations • Observations about the environment used to predict what will occur in the future and other environment

24. Task-approach skills Value clarifying Goal setting Predicting future events Generating alternatives Information seeking Estimating Re-interpreting past events Eliminating and selecting alternatives Planning Generalizing Consequences

25. Consequences • Actions – Entry behaviors that represent overt steps in career progression, e.g. • Selecting a program of study • Applying for a job

26. Career Beliefs Problematic self-observation and world-view generalizations • Faulty generalizations • Self-comparisons with a single standard • Exaggerated estimate of the emotional impact of an outcome • False casual relationships • Ignorance of relevant facts • Undue weight to low-probability events

27. Challenging Problematic Beliefs Challenging the validity of key beliefs • How do you know this is true? • What steps could you take to find out if it is true? • What evidence would convince you that the opposite is true?

28. Application of the Theory • Detailed explanation of causal factors in career development • Readiness assessment – the Career Beliefs Inventory • Modeling and reinforcement in occupational exploration • Simulated work environments for career exploration

29. For Additional Information www.career.fsu.edu/techcenter/ Thank You