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GENDER, RACE, AND ETHNICITY

GENDER, RACE, AND ETHNICITY. Chapter 12 & 13. RACE & ETHNICITY. Sociologically, a minority is someone that’s differentiated from the dominant group Race = large category of people who share certain inherited physical characteristics

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GENDER, RACE, AND ETHNICITY

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  1. GENDER, RACE, AND ETHNICITY Chapter 12 & 13

  2. RACE & ETHNICITY • Sociologically, a minority is someone that’s differentiated from the dominant group • Race = large category of people who share certain inherited physical characteristics • They are perceived by a given society to be biologically different from others

  3. ETHNICITIES Race is based on perceived traits; ethnicity is based on cultural characteristics Ethnic group = people who share a distinctive cultural heritage (language, religion, history, etc.) & feel they are a distinct people

  4. Prejudice = negative attitude toward certain people • Discrimination = unfavorable action against someone b/c they are a member of a certain group MINORITY RACIAL OR ETHNIC GROUP THAT’S SUBJECTED TO PREJUDICE & DISCRIMINATION

  5. SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES: Functionalism • Functionalist = emphasizes peace & other positive forms; through 3 forms: • 1. assimilation: minority adopts dominant culture • Structural assimilation = social condition where minority is accepted on equal terms (not guaranteed) • 2. amalgamation: subcultures are blended together to form a new culture (melting pot) • 3. cultural pluralism: peaceful coexistence of various racial & ethnic groups, each keeping it’s own subculture (in Switzerland: Germans, French, & Italians)

  6. SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES: Conflict To conflict theorists, racial & ethnic relations are negative, by racism = belief that one’s own race is superior to others

  7. SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES: Symbolic Interactionist If the dominant group defines a minority as inferior or dangerous, then interaction between them will be affected. It’s a stereotype = oversimplified, inaccurate mental picture of others

  8. PREJUDICE & DISCRIMINATION Over many years, this has been built into you Institutionalized discrimination = persistence of discrimination in social institutions

  9. CAUSES 1. Scapegoating = blaming others for one’s own failure 2. Socialization; if we are taught it, then we will likely play into it 3. Job security & business profit; minorities prevented from competing for jobs 4. Maintaining political and governmental power

  10. SOLUTIONS Busing programs and create “magnet schools” Affirmative action = policy that requires employers & colleges to make special efforts to recruit minorities & women for jobs, promotions, etc.

  11. GENDER Gender roles = patterns of attitude & behavior that society expects of its members In US, men are breadwinners & women have secondary incomes/homemakers But women have many biological advantages over men, despite men having dominance in higher paying fields!

  12. INEQUALITIES Sexism = prejudice & discrimination based on gender Involves sexual abuses like sexual harassment = unwelcome act of a sexual nature

  13. SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES: Functionalism • Assigning different tasks for men & women • 1. instrumental role: requires performance of a task (go to work & make money; assertive) • 2. expressive role: requires taking care of personal relationships (offer love & attention, warmth, emotional; nonassertive) • BUT this is wrong! Women and men play both roles

  14. SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES: Conflict Conflict theorists think gender inequality arose b/c men were able to exploit women into doing much work with little pay

  15. SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES: Symbolic Interactionist Symb. Inter. think the interaction itself between men and women reflects inequality Example: group meeting—men talk more than women and tend to interrupt more

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