Unit 3 notes

1. Unit 3 notes

2. Alien and sedition act- • Alien act- allowed govt to arrest, detain and remove foreigners deemed untrustworthy • Sedition act- limited free speech and expression • Helped federalist because republicans relied on immigrant vote

3. Adams appoints midnight Judges. • Congress repealed judiciary act of 1801 which did away with Adams Midnight judges( Federalist) • Marbury Vs. Madison- established Judicial Review

4. Western Expansion • Jefferson believed only way republic could survived if people owned their own land. • 1803 Napoleon(leader of France) needing money to pay for war to take over Europe • He sold Louisiana for 15 million • Called Louisiana purchase • This doubled the size of the U.S. • Thomas Jefferson president during purchase

5. Louisiana purchase

6. North West Ordnance • 1787- Congress passed the North West ordinance- established a set of principles and procedures for statehood, applied first to states carved out of the Northwest territory. • Guaranteed civil liberties, established guidelines for statehood, encouraged education, and banned slavery for entire region.

8. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark along with Sacagawea- explored Louisiana purchase and claimed Oregon territory

9. Lewis and Clark’s Route to the west

10. Britain started using impressments to get more troops. This help start the war of 1812 • Kidnapping American solders.

11. War of 1812 Madison’s War • Battle of Tippecanoe shattered native American confidence in their leaders. • British fleet land in Washington DC. And set the white house and capital on fire. • Battle of New Orleans- Andrew Jaskson’s decisive victory over the British made him a hero. • Because of war : Nationalism emerged-loyalty and devotion to a nation • and we got the star spangled banner • Treaty of Ghent – ended the war

12. Chapter 7 Let the GOOD Times Roll • The Monroe presidency was called the Era of Good Feelings

13. Economic Nationalism- • John C Calhoun got the second national bank started • After war cheap British goods flooded U.S. • Protective tariff- tax

14. Judicial Nationalism • Between 1816 and 1824 John Marshall- ruled in three cases that established the power of the Fed. Govt • 1. Matin V. Hunter’s lessee- helped establish the supreme court as the nation’s court of final appeal • 2. McCulloch V. Maryland- Second bank was constiutional because necessary and proper

15. 3. Gibbons V Ogden- constitution granted the federal govt control over interstate commerce. • All trade along coast and waterways dividing states. • What is interstate commerce

16. Nationalist Diplomacy • Nationalism in the United States influences the nation to expand its borders and assert itself in world affairs. • 1800’s southern mad at Spanish held Florida? • Slaves run away • Andrew Jackson seized Spanish settlements in Fl and removed Gov. of Florida.

17. Adams-onis treaty – Spain ceded all of Fl. To the U.S. and finalized the western border of the Louisiana purchase • Monroe Doctrine- the U.S. would prevent other countries from interfering in Latin American political affairs. • Told all European countries to stay out of the western hemisphere.

18. Chapter 7-2 • Moving West • Steamboat 1807 • Steam locomotive establishing Railroad reaching Mississippi River.

20. Erie Canal Opened in 1825- Connecting lake Erie to the west with the Hudson River to the east. • Canals and Railroads helped products move west and farmers products to move east. • Because of the Erie Canal and other transportation advances -New York – became America central point for American trade and banking

22. Industrial revolution • Industrial revolution began in England 1700’s • Industrialization-involved a transition from manual to power driven factory labor. • Workers in factories did not do skilled jobs

23. Plantation owners in the south turned to cotton • Eli Whitney received a patent for the cotton gin. • Separated the seed from cotton. • The effect was:increased slavery

25. Industrialization started to happen in the United States around 1800. • Driven by the textile industry • New England had textile miles and the south supplied them and England with cotton • Cotton production and the growing textile industry helped the u.s. get its economic independence.

26. Steam powered engines was used to help industrialization in the country. • Eli Whitney used interchangeable parts (muskets) and invented the cotton gin

27. Samuel F.B. morse- perfected the telegraph in 1832 • Industrialization caused people to move out of rural farms and villages? Where did they go?? • People were in search of factory jobs with higher wages.

28. Southern Economy • Cotton, tobacco, rice, and sugarcane • Cotton gin made planters rich. • Europe wants more cotton than ever • Slaves tripled • South did not industrialize like north.

29. Labor Unions- trying to improve working conditions • Strikes- not going to work • What begins to happen to family farm? • North industry • South farming

30. Society in the South • Class structure developed in South • Top plantation owners- dominated the regions economy and political and legal system • Yeoman farmers- ordinary farmers who usually worked the land themselves(made up most of the white population in south) • Rural poor- hunted fished, and gardened, and raised own croups. • Slaves- made up the bottom of southern society

31. Slavery • Two labor systems • Task system- was used on small farms and plantations. Had to finish certain task each day • Gang system- enslaved person put in gangs from sunup to sundown • Fredrick Douglass- became head of the antislavery movement

33. Nat turner- an enslaved minister who believed that God chose him to free his people. • Led a slave revolt and followers killed 50 white people • Slave codes became tighter because of this revolt

34. Missouri compromise- admitting maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state • Banned slavery in all land with in the Louisiana purchase lying above the 36 30 N parallel. With the exception of Missouri.

35. Election of 1824- candidates • Henry Clay – • John Quincy Adams- • Andrew Jackson- heroism • Jackson’s supports accused adams and clay of a corrupt bargain.

36. Jackson’s supporters took the name Democratic-republicans- later known as what? • Adam’s party- national republicans • Election of 1828 • John Quincy adams and Andrew Jackson • Campaigned turned into mudslinging • Jackson won the elcetion

37. Jacksonian Democracy • Jacksonian democracy refers to presidency of Andrew Jackson • He expanded the power of federal government • Encouraged people from all social classes to vote • Universial white male suffarage • Indian removal act- gave funds to relocate Indians • He defied supreme court decision to not remove the Cherokee from Ga. (Worcester v. GA) • Spoil system- political supports rewarded with jobs

38. Jacksonian Democracy • Thousands of Natives died on a force removal what was known as trail of tears.

39. Trail of tears

41. Nullification Crisis • South Carolina threatened to secede from union over tariffs and states rights • John C. Calhoun- argued that southern states had the right to nullify any law if it wasn’t in their best interest • Cotton still dependent- divided country. • Monroe doctrine direction America's foreign policy.

42. Chatper 8 section 1

43. Jackson ends the second national bank of the United states. • Hurting western farmers • Whigs emerged from the former national republican party • Whigs –wanted to expand the nation govt. • Jackson- Democrats ( no expansion.) • 1836 election Van Buren wins election • What party is he from?

44. Panic of 1837- • Thousands of farms foreclosed and employment soared. • Whigs won the 1840 election Harrison won the election • Died 32 days later and Tyler became president.

45. 8-2 New Immigration • Massive influx of immigrants between 1815-1860. • Religious and political reason • 2 million came from Ireland. • Potato Famine in 1845 • Settled in North east and worked as unskilled • Germans settled in Midwest • started on farms and businesses

46. Nativism- hostility towards foreigners among many Americans appeared. • Anti-catholic sentiments towards catholic immigrants led to rise of nativist groups. • Delegates formed the american party. • When members questioned they answered they know nothing. • As a result the party was nicknamed the Know nothings.

47. Second great awakening- this movement promoted the belief that all people could attain grace by readmitting God and Christ into their lives • New denominations- • Joseph smith- founded Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day saints • Mormons- moved to Illinois from New England. • Brigham Young- moved the Mormons to Utah.

48. Reform Spirit • Mid 1800’s – reform society • Dorothea Dix worked for improved treatment of the mentally ill • Lyman Beecher established the benevolent societies- at first started to spread God’s message later to combat social problems • What is the major cause of crime and poverty.

49. Reformers advocated temperance or moderation in consumption of alcohol called temperance. • Improving prison conditions. States build penitentiaries. Rehabilitation • Horace Mann- focused on education reform. He is responsible for the education system we know today • Pushed public education and backed a states board of education in Mass.

50. Education reformers generally had men in mind • 1850’s educational opportunities started for women. • Emma Willard- founded a girls’ boarding school that taught academics subjects. • Mary Lyon- founded 1st institution of higher education for women only.