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Topic 11 cont’d

Topic 11 cont’d. Muscles and Movement. Roles of ________ in human movement. Bones – provide anchorage for muscles; act as levers to change the size and direction of forces Ligaments – connective tissue; connect bone to bone; allow certain movements and prevent others (dislocations)

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Topic 11 cont’d

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  1. Topic 11 cont’d Muscles and Movement

  2. Roles of ________ in human movement • Bones – provide anchorage for muscles; act as levers to change the size and direction of forces • Ligaments – connective tissue; connect bone to bone; allow certain movements and prevent others (dislocations) • Muscles – attach to bone and provide the force necessary to change the position of the bones and therefore the body • Only work when contracting = antagonistic pairs

  3. Cont’d • Tendons – connective tissue that connects muscle to bone; transmit the forces generated by the contraction of muscle • Nerves – innervate voluntary and involuntary muscles and are the cause of all muscle contraction

  4. Elbow Joint

  5. Label the human elbow joint

  6. Structure and function • Bicep – flexes the joint • Tricep – extends the joint • Humerus – attachment point for the triceps and biceps • Ulna – bone to which the triceps is attached • Radius – bone to which the bicep is attached • Cartilage – covers the bones, prevents friction • Synovial fluid – lubricates joint; prevents friction • Joint capsule – seals the joint; helps prevent dislocation

  7. Hip joint vs. Knee joint • Hip - ball and socket joint • Can flexion, extension, rotate, abduction and adduction • Knee – hinge joint • Flexion and extension

  8. Structure of striated muscle fibers

  9. Sliding Filament Theory of How Muscles Contract

  10. Sliding Filament Theory Animation • www.blackwellpublishing.com/matthews/myosin.html • http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp47/4702001.html

  11. ELECTRONMICROGRAPHS of Sarcomeres relaxed and contracted

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