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Exploring the Divine in Hebrew Scriptures: From Yahweh to Sacred Times

Dive into the historical books, monarchy, prophets, sacred times, and sacred spaces of Hebrew Scriptures. Learn about Yahweh, the Temple, Prophets like Isaiah and Jeremiah, and significant Jewish sacred times like Passover and Hanukkah. Explore the divine essence and traditions from Exodus to the New Testament.

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Exploring the Divine in Hebrew Scriptures: From Yahweh to Sacred Times

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  1. The Name of God • See Exodus 3:13-15 • Lord: traditional rendering of the divine name • Yahweh: Sometimes considered too sacred to pronounce • “Jehovah”: Late Medieval origin

  2. HISTORICAL BOOKS • Joshua: Conquest of Canaan • Judges: Consolidation of Israel’s presence in the area, death of Joshua to rise of Samuel. No centralized administration • Judges as charismatic leaders: e.g. Samuel and Deborah

  3. Historical Books - Monarchy • 1-2 Samuel, 1-2 Kings: Development of kingship • Saul (1020-1000 BCE) and David (1000-961 BCE) • Israel: Northern Regions • Judah: Southern Regions • Temple under Solomon

  4. Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur] • Goat becomes symbolic bearer of people’s collective sins • See Leviticus 16:1-34 • Guilt transferred to the wilderness • Centrality of the Temple • Day of Fasting and Repentance • NT Hebrews: Christ as perfect high priest

  5. Destruction of Temple • Solomon’s Temple: 950-586 BCE • Rebuilt about 515 BCE, Herod the Great renovations begin 19 BCE • Third Temple destroyed by Romans in 70CE • Shift focus away from sacrifice patterns to synagogue

  6. Prophets • Direct intervention from God • Visions and Inspiration • Classic prophets of the Hebrew Bible such as Isaiah and Jeremiah (8th to 5th century BCE • Sometimes social critics • People to live up to God’s expectations

  7. Sacred Times • Rosh Hashanah (Jewish New Year) Usually September • Yom Kippur – Day of Atonement: 8th day after Rosh Hashanah • Both are considered High Holy Days • Sukkot – Feast of Tabernacles or Huts, eight days after Yom Kippur. Shelter from God in the desert

  8. Sacred Times • Hanukkah: Commemorates victory of Jewish army over oppressive ruler in the second century BCE (Seleucid king, Antiochus IV Epiphanes) and rededication of the Temple under the Maccabees • Purim: A Jewish carnival recalling events in the Book of Esther

  9. Sacred Times • Passover: Family festival commemorating Exodus. Spring festival lasting for 11 days. Involves ritual meal or Seder • Shavuot or Pentecost: Originally a spring harvest festival. Now commemorates giving of Law on Mount Sinai

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