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THE OUTLINE :

THE OUTLINE :. The Blueprints of your Paper . Why write an outline?. “It enables you to judge the effectiveness of your organization” (Roth 85) “It enables you to see the strengths and weaknesses in your paper . . . And make adjustments before you write your paper” (Roth 85) .

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THE OUTLINE :

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  1. THE OUTLINE : The Blueprints of your Paper

  2. Why write an outline? • “It enables you to judge the effectiveness of your organization” (Roth 85) • “It enables you to see the strengths and weaknesses in your paper . . . And make adjustments before you write your paper” (Roth 85)

  3. Would you build a house without blueprints?

  4. Writing a Topic Outline • Information is presented using words, phrases, or dependent clauses. • There is no end punctuation because they are NOT complete sentences • An outline is a GUIDE • It should not be so long it is the paper itself • It should not be so short the reader has to guess what is important (Roth 86)

  5. Outline Form • Symbols of an outline show the relationship among ideas (Roth 86) • Roman numerals show the major divisions of the paper • Capital letters show the first subdivisions • Arabic numbers and small letters show further divisions I A B 1 2 C 1 2 II A 1 2

  6. Outline Form • All symbols need to be vertically aligned • Each subcategory should be indented in increments of five • All Roman Numerals should be flush with the margin • Capital letters indented five spaces • Arabic numbers five more spaces, etc. • “If a statement requires more than one line, begin the second line under the first word of the preceeding line” (Roth 86)

  7. Outline Content • Every word in your outline needs to address the content of your paper • Introduction – Body – Conclusion are NOT words that should be included in your outline! • They only describe stages of your paper • They do not say anything about your subject

  8. Outline Content • “Because an outline shows relationships among ideas, the information for each subheading must be directly related to, and subordinate to, the heading under which it appears” (Roth 88) What does that mean, exactly??

  9. Rules to Remember: • You cannot divide anything into just one part! • Letters and numbers must ALWAYS appear in pairs • If you have an A you must also have a B • If you have a 1 you must also have a 2 • You may have more than two subdivisions

  10. ? Rules to Remember: • An outline is a GUIDE • It should not be so long it is the paper itself • It should not be so short the reader has to guess what is important (Roth 86) • A blueprint isn’t the house itself! (Roth 86)

  11. Rules to Remember: • That being said, the outline should tell the reader what will be discussed in the paper • WRONG: • I. Professional • A. Who makes them • B. Why used • II. In Class Taping • A. Who makes them • B. Why used What is wrong with this outline?

  12. What Is Wrong With This Picture? PROBLEMS 1- Outlines should not be bulleted 2- Subordinate letters should NOT be capitalized (as the C’s are) 3- There is a lot of information for Roman Numeral I but not a lot of information for II – It is important to make sure that 75% of you information is not focused on one sub topic 4 – If you have an a, you should have a b I • A • B • 1 • 2 • 3 • a • b • C • 4 • 5 • a • 6 • C • 1 • 2 • II • A • 1 • 2

  13. Rules to Remember: • Your outline must always use parallel structure • In other words, your phrases need to consistently use the same grammatical forms • This applies only to those with the same symbols • I. Eastern sophistication in “The Misfits” (1957) A. Enjoys new sights and experiences B. Feels sorry for the hurt animals • II. Charming but childlike figure in “Please don’t kill anything” (1960) A. Fascinated by new experiences B. Can’t bear to see anything die

  14. Citing Information • You must cite all direct information in your outline • Please use parenthetical citations to cite statistics, • facts, information that is not deemed common • knowledge • Think about it – How can you have a works cited • if you do not actually cite?!

  15. Works Cited Roth, Audrey. “Outlines.” The Research Paper: Form and Content. Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing, 1978

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