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高三英语寒假课程 北京 四中 毕勤

高三英语寒假课程 北京 四中 毕勤. 主谓一致. 一 . 谓语用单数的情况 : 主语是不可数名词 , 动名词 , 不定式或从句 2. some, any, no, every 构成的代词和 each, either, neither, one, another, little, a little, much 做主语时 3. ics 结尾的学科用单数谓语动词。. 4. 算术式用单数 Eg. How much is…? 5. 书名，戏剧名，报纸名，国名的复数名词为主语时 Eg. The United States is a capitalist country.

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高三英语寒假课程 北京 四中 毕勤

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  1. 高三英语寒假课程 北京 四中 毕勤

  2. 主谓一致 一.谓语用单数的情况: • 主语是不可数名词, 动名词, 不定式或从句 2. some, any, no, every构成的代词和each, either, neither, one, another, little, a little, much做主语时 3. ics结尾的学科用单数谓语动词。

  3. 4. 算术式用单数 Eg. How much is…? 5. 书名，戏剧名，报纸名，国名的复数名词为主语时 Eg. The United States is a capitalist country. 6. 若主语的复数名词表示的是”一段时间”, “一笔钱”, “一段距离”, “一个数量”，“一个面积” 时

  4. 7. and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each, every, many a/an, no　等修饰时 Eg. Each girl and each boy is… 二.用复数情况： • both, few, a few, several, many以及others做主语, 复数－谓语. 2. people(人民), police, cattle(牛群)等 集合名词 3. 只有复数形式的名词, 如: clothes, scissors, trousers, shorts等， 谓语动词为复数。

  5. 三.依情况而定： 1. 主语后面跟有with, along with, together with, besides, as well as, including, like, but, except 等词或短语时,以主语的单复数决定谓语的情况 2. 有一些名词,如果表示整体, 谓语用单数；如果表示的是其中的人员用复数谓语 常见的有family, class, audience, public, team等. 3. all, none, any, some, more, most, the rest 修饰单数名词, 谓语用单数; 若是修饰复数名词 谓语用复数

  6. 4. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时, 谓语动词与先行词一致。 5. 如果主语由“a kind of( a series of)来构成，谓语动词为单数,如果是多种,谓语动词为复数。 Eg. This kind of man is dangerous. There are many kinds of apples. 6. The +形容词（分词）指人时用复数，指抽象物时用单数 Eg. The English speak English. The new always beats the old.

  7. 四. 就近一致 由 or，either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not… but,连接主语时，动词和最接近的主语一致.

  8. 特别情况： 1. one and a half+复数名词,但是谓语动词用单数 Eg. One and a half bananas is left on the table. 2. More than one answer is correct.

  9. 练习与检测 1. About 60 percent of the students _____ from the south, the rest of them _____ from the north and foreign countries. A. are/is B. are/are C. is/are D. are 2. Half of the workers here _____ under 30 _____. A. is/years B. are/year old C. is/years old D. are/years of age 3. Now Tom with his classmates _____ football on the playground. A. play B. are playing C. plays D. is playing

  10. 4. The number of pages in this dictionary _____ about two thousand. A. are B. has C. have D. is 5. Thirty dollars _____ too expensive. A. are B. is C. were D. be 6. The audience _____ so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall. A. is B. are C. was D. has

  11. 7. The secretary and principal _____ at the meeting now. A. are speaking B. is speaking C. were making a speech D. have a speech 8. “If anybody _____, please put down _____ name,” said the teacher to the monitor. A. wants to buy the book/his B. want to buy the book/their C. will buy the book/one’s D. wants to have the book bought/her 9. Nothing but one desk and six chairs _____ in the room. A. are B. is stayed C. is D. are left

  12. 10. Having arrived at the station, _____. A. it was found that the train had left B. the train had left C. the train was found left D. he found that the train had left 11. Between the two roads _____ a TV tower called “Skyscraper Tower”. A. stands B. standing C. which stands D. stand 12. Either of you _____ going there tonight. A. will B. was C. is D. are

  13. 13. You as well _____ right. A. I are B. I am C. as I am D. as I are 14. All but Dick _____ in Class Three this term. A. are B. is C. were D. was 15. —Shall I wait here for three hours? —Yes. Three hours _____ to wait for such a doctor. A. are not very long for you B. is not long enough for you C. was not long enough for you D. will be too long for you

  14. 16. Where to get the materials and how to get them _____ at the meeting. A. have not discussed B. have not been discussed C. has not discussed D. has not been discussed 17. I took mathematics and physics because I think that _____ very important for me to make further research in this field. A. what is B. they are C. this D. which are

  15. 18. Every student and every teacher _____. A. are going to attend the meeting B. have attended the meeting C. has attended the meeting D. is attended the meeting 19. Three fourths of the bread _____ by Bob, and the rest of the bread _____ left on the table. A. was eaten/were B. were eaten/was C. were eaten/were D. was eaten/was 20. This pair of shoes _____. A. is her B. is hers C. are hers D. are her

  16. 答案 1—5 BDDDB 6—10 ABACD 11—15 ACDAB 16—20 DBCDB

  17. 动名词 动名词具有名词和动词的特征： eg. Thank you for your help (n.) . Thank you for helping me. (v.) 一、形式：以do为例 一般式：doing 被动式：being done eg. I remember being taken to the Summer Palace when I was a child.

  18. 完成式：having done eg. He was given a medal for having completed sixty years of teaching. 被动式：having been done 否定式：Not doing eg. Tom made his mother angry by not taking his medicine.

  19. 复合结构：物主代词/名词所有格+动名词 eg. Would you mind my smoking here? Tom’s coming late made his teacher angry. 但：在口语中作宾语时，可以用 例：I don’t mind him opening the window. They insist on Tom staying longer.

  20. 二、成份： 1、主语：谓语用单数 例：Reading aloud is very important in learning English. Seeing is believing. 2、表语： 例：His hobby is collecting stamps. Seeing is believing

  21. 3、定语： 例：He is in the reading room. This is a swimming pool. 动名词做定语多表示功能. a reading room: a room for reading a swimming pool : a pool for swimming

  22. 4、宾语： 某些及物动词之后只能用动名词作宾语 finish, enjoy, mind, pactise , imagine, risk, keep, prevent, suggest, (stop), consider, allow, advise, permit, avoid, dislike, appreciate ，delay… 有些词组后接动名词 can’t stand, can’t help, put off, give up, insist on, set about, be busy (in) , have difficulty\trouble (in) , have a good \ hard time (in), be worth, feel like, it is (no) good \ use…

  23. 短语中带介词to，后面接动名词 object to, stick to, lead to, look forward to, pay attention to, devote oneself to, contribute to, refer to, help oneself to, be used to, get down to, be close to, prefer A to B, the key to, set fire to…

  24. 三、动名词与不定式作宾语的比较 动名词表示的动作在意义上比较一般和抽象，时间观念不强,不指某一次动作。 动词不定式则常表示某个具体动作。 eg. I like swimming. Would you like to swim today?（指今天这一回） I prefer going by bike to walking to the office. （指一般性动作） I would prefer to go by bike rather than walk to the office this morning.（指一次性动作）

  25. 有些动词既可接不定式也可按动名词作宾语： 1、在意义上没有太大区别，只有具体和抽象之别 eg. begin, start, continue, prefer, love, like, hate… 但 He is beginning to do… I prefer staying at home to going out. 2、意义不同 eg. remember, forget, regret( to say, tell, inform), stop, try, mean, go on to do/doing eg. Please remember to post the letter for me. I remember seeing you before.

  26. 练习与解析 1. —That would mean _____ a lot of labor. —Really? I don’t mean _____ any labor. A. wasting; to waste B. wasting; wasting C. to waste; wasting D. to waste; to waste 2. Laws have been passed to prevent rivers _____. A. to be polluted B. polluted C. from polluting D. from being polluted

  27. 3. Have you finished _____ the violin? A. practicing to play B. to practice playing C. practicing playing D. practicing to be playing 4. Tom has delayed _____ to his friend till today. A. writing B. to write C. to be written D. writes 5. I remember _____ him _____ the hair needed _____. A. to hear; say; to be cut B. hearing; say; cutting C. hearing; to say; to be cut D. to hear; say; cutting

  28. 6. His advice is worthy _____. A. considering B. of considering C. to consider D. of being considered 7. He had some difficulty _____ his car. A. to fix B. to be fixed C. fixing D. fixed 8. Please excuse my _____ in without _____. A. come; asking B. coming; asking C. to come; being asked D. coming; being asked

  29. 9. You can hardly imagine a child _____ so cruelly. A. to treat B. to be treated C. being treated D. treating 10. If you don’t believe the result of the experiment, _____ it in another way. A. to try doing B. try doing C. trying to do D. try do 11. Jack spent as much time as he _____ over lessons. A. could going B. went C. could go D. would going

  30. 12.It is no good _____ without understanding. A. recite B. to be recite C. recited D. reciting 13. Such books are not worthy _____ at all. A. to be read B. being read C. reading D. to read 14. He apologized for _____. A. his not being able to come B. his being not able to come C. his being able not to come D. not his being able to come

  31. 15. When he heard the big noise, Tom stopped _____ and _____ to the window to see what was happening. A. to read/went B. reading/to go C. reading/going D. reading/went 16. _____ the exam will disappoint your parents. A. You failing B. Your failing C. You fail D. You to fail

  32. 17. —Do you mind _____? —Go ahead. A. opening the window B. I open the window C. if I open the window D. whether I open the window 18.Saying always has less difficulty than _____. A. done B. doing C. to do D. having done

  33. 19. _____ the same mistake again made his parents very angry. A. His being made B. He has made C. He had making D. His making 20 .The thief entered the room without _____. A. noticing B. being noticed C. having noticed D. having been noticed

  34. 动名词答案 1—5 ADCAB 6—10 DCDCB 11—15 ADAAD 16—20 BCBDB

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