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Chapter 14

Chapter 14. Smart Offices. Overview. Office has highly automated work Could be benefits This Chapter Features Examples MONICA Help user perform daily tasks & making communication simpler. Smart Office Features. Highly automated, computer-based

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Chapter 14

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  1. Chapter 14 Smart Offices

  2. Overview • Office has highly automated work • Could be benefits • This Chapter • Features • Examples • MONICA • Help user perform daily tasks & making communication simpler

  3. Smart Office Features • Highly automated, computer-based • Not just environment, also work applications • Many roles • Meeting room, workplace, demonstrations • Occupants not just end users • Some computer knowledge • Different levels • Multiple users • Different preferences

  4. Perceptual User Interfaces (PUI) • Emerging from research • Hear & See user, gestures, motions • Facilitates communication • Not machine based -- keyboard, mouse • Human-based -- speech, gestures, interaction with objects, etc.

  5. PUI -- Examples • Magic Desk (Willner) • Magic Board (Berard) -- Figure 14.1, pg. 325 • White board + projector + camera • Can use "normally" • Gestures allow some actions • Tap: menu • P: print copy of board • Also copy, paste, equation solving

  6. Interactive Offices • Use PUI • Interact with computer application • Communication user network, software • User is living in the interactive tool • Not using it • "Make people interface for computers rather than computer interface for people"

  7. Context Aware Offices Version 1 • Context: location & identity of all persons & objects • Context aware application: able to adapt its behavior to the context Version 2 • Context: any information used to characterize situation of an entity (person, place, object), including user & application • Context aware office: uses context to provide information or services to user, based on user's activity

  8. Intelligent Offices Intelligent vs. Smart vs. Context Aware vs. Interactive What's the difference? Same? Tell computer: • Set alarm for 6:00 a.m. • I need to be up at 6:00 a.m. • Alarm or lights or both

  9. Summary -- Smart Office • Interactive: using PUI's, users interact with office apps thru human communication • Context Aware: adapt behavior to context, i.e. what takes place in the office • Ubiquitous: user interacts with computer in a way that makes it invisible to user • Intelligent: decide how to perform a task, e.g. how to provide information to user * Common to all: make communication between user & computer more "natural"

  10. Many smart office projects Look at a few briefly MONICA -- author's project D Examples

  11. Active Badge • Xerox PARC - early 1990's (9.2.2.1, pg. 205) • 1st Smart office application • Indoor location tracking • Low-cost, low-power infrared beacon emitting devices • Every 10 s to 6 min; can turn off • Each has unique ID • Sensors/badge readers around environment

  12. Active Badge #2 • Doesn't go thru walls • Moderately accurate locator • room level • New ones, some reception capability • Phone call forwarding • Database-based; not real-time

  13. Intelligent Room • MIT, 1994 - collaborative work • Visual tracking in room, several persons, to detect activity • Speech recognition - get information from web • Meta Glue - multiagent software, not centralized • A programming language (Java Extension) • Multiagent platform

  14. Interactive Workspace • Stanford - prototype was iRoom • Large, high-resolution, touch sensitive displays + portable laptops or PDA's • iRos Meta O.S. - acts as middleware: subsystems • Event Heap: stores/forwards messages • Data Heap: share data among applications • iCrafter: selects service • Decouples devices • More independence

  15. by IGD Rostock Uses goal-oriented interaction; not task Components provide interfaces plus semantic information related to meaning & effect of functions Intelligent Environment Lab

  16. Example Overview Features specific to offices • Large number of independent devices • Existing software components • Must be multimodal; handle concurrent media Also, new approaches • Like IGD Lab

  17. MONICA • 1999 - PRIMA Group, GRAVIR Lab • Monica is our office network with an intelligent computer assistant Hardware • Desk, chairs, whiteboard, computer • (Figure 14.2, pg. 331) • 3 video projectors (wall, whiteboard, desktop) • 9 cameras • Magic Board, Magic Desk, Media Space • Speaker, microphones • 50 sensors & actuators

  18. MONICA - Software (pg. 331+) • Gesture Recognition • 3D mouse (any object) • Magic Board & Magic Desk • Finger & click detection - on desk/wall • Virtual Assistant - pre-learned speech recognition & speech synthesis • Media Space - collaborative work as if in same building • Tracker - (x,y) coordinates of up to 3 people

  19. MONICA - Software • Face Recognition: confirm login with user • Activity Detection: for context construction • Low level: walking, sitting, etc. • PhyCons: normal physical objects assigned special significance • e.g. red-face Rubik Cube on desk - do not broadcast image on Media Space • Internet Agent: handles use of Internet

  20. MONICA - Control Architecture Need software architecture to turn collection of PUI's into smart office Requirements • Consider natural parallelism • Reuse existing programs • Allow heterogeneity • Independent modules • Dynamically reconfigurable system • e.g. replace modules

  21. Gamma-Software Bus • Multiagent system • Programming tools (API) + execution environment • Software Bus (is key)-all agents connected • Centralized • Easy to reconfigure * See pages 335-341 for more details

  22. Smart office features Existing software Multiple components Numerous Projects MONICA Conclusion

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