Introduction to Psychology

1. Introduction to Psychology Chapter 1 Talbot

2. What is Psychology? • The ________________ study of __________ & ____________processes. • Science implies ___________. • Scientific observation • Research method • Behavior • Mental Processes

3. Psychology’s Goals • Describe – name or classify • Understand – Why? • Predict – forecast behavior • Control – alter conditions that influence behavior

4. Kitty Genovese & Bystander Apathy (March 13th, 1964) Winston Moseley

5. History (as a field of study) • Outgrowth of ____________. • As a science started around 1879. • Willhelm Wundt • Structuralism • Functionalism • Behaviorism • Gestalt • Psychodynamic • Humanistic – Hierarchy of Needs • Cognitive

6. Psychology as a Profession • Psychologist v. Psychiatrist • Psychologist • Psychiatrist • Counselor & Social Worker • BEWARE of the “clinician”.

7. Professional issues • APA – American Psychological Association • State and Federal Licensing Boards • Ethics/ Ethical guidelines • Levels of training and competency • Respect for dignity, privacy, confidentiality (HIPAA). • Protection from harm.

8. Scientific Method • Observation • Define the problem (Operationally define) • Reliability • Validity • Propose a hypothesis (?) • Gather evidence • Publish results • Theory build

9. How do we gather the data? • Survey • Case study/ Clinical method • Naturalistic Observation • Hawthorne effect, Observer Bias, • Correlational Observation • Three possibilities • Correlational Coefficients • Experimental method – Cause and Effect • Independent Variable Dependent Variable • Experimenter effect • Control • Placebo effect • Random Sampling

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13. Ethics in research • Do no harm • Describe risks • Ensure participation is voluntary • Minimize discomfort • Maintain confidentiality • Use deception only when necessary • Debrief • Provide results • Treat with dignity and respect