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Meiosis & Mitosis. Walther Flemming. Eduard Strasburger. I. Animation 3.2. Animation 3.3. II. Genes exist, come in pairs. Gametes – only 1 gene copy. pair of copies SEGREGATE. Each gamete – only 1 gene copy. alleles combine randomly In offspring. Animation 5.1a.
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Meiosis & Mitosis Walther Flemming Eduard Strasburger
Genes exist, come in pairs Gametes – only 1 gene copy pair of copies SEGREGATE Each gamete – only 1 gene copy alleles combine randomly In offspring
Animation 5.1a Start day 2, back to 5 pts.
Mendel’s 2nd Law: Genes segregate independently אין תלות בין גנים בסגרגציה (הפרדה)
Parental Recombinant Parental Recombinant Parental
Mendel’s rules are relevant for organisms that sexually reproduce: diploid/haploid • Plants, Animals, many Monera… Those that ‘do’ meiosis
III-IV Sex chromosomes: The breakthrough to the chromosomal theory of inheritance
Nettie Stevens Thomas H. Morgan
Thomas H. Morgan
Reciprocal White Red Mothers Fathers Red White Daughters Sons Board
To be a male: Fly: ratio of X chromosomes to autosomes = 1 Man: Presence of Y chromosome
Barr body For ‘dosage compensation’, 1 X chromosome is condensed, silenced in females
Mammals Fruitflies Moths Homogametic Heterogametic Heterogametic Homogametic