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Mathilde Xiao and Liam Kennedy

6.2.5  Explain the relationship between the structure and function of arteries, capillaries and veins. Mathilde Xiao and Liam Kennedy. http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v =3Q5x0znIFnI. Structure of the Artery. Arteries • Fairly narrow lumen (blood at higher pressure )

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Mathilde Xiao and Liam Kennedy

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  1. 6.2.5  Explain the relationship between the structure and function of arteries, capillaries and veins Mathilde Xiao and Liam Kennedy

  2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Q5x0znIFnI

  3. Structure of the Artery • Arteries • • Fairly narrow lumen (blood at higher pressure) • No valves apart from the semi lunar valves. • Thick tunica media, with muscle and elastin fibres • • Thick outer layer of collagen (withstand high pressure)

  4. Functions of the Arteries • Withstand high blood pressures without the artery wall bulging outwards (aneurysm) or bursting (haemorrhage) • Accommodate large volumes of blood pumped out by the ventricles of the heart and then pump it on to capillary networks

  5. Structure of the Vein • Veins • Larger lumen than the arteries (blood travels at lower pressure)• Thin outer layer (pressure low & allows nearby muscles to push blood) • Thin circular layer (blood not in pulses)• Have valves (prevents blood pooling at lower extremities as well as backflow)

  6. Functions of the Veins • Transport of blood, without leaks, from capillary networks to the atria of the heart • Prevention of backflow when blood pressure or flow rate is low • Flexibility to be squeezed by adjacent muscles to help pump blood

  7. Structure of the Capillary • Capillaries • Wall is fenestrated and one cell thick (allows for diffusion)• Very narrow lumen (single file blood cells increase exchange of materials)

  8. Functions of the Capillaries • Transport blood as close as possible to all living cells of the body • Allow the substances that blood is transporting to enter and leave rapidly • Allow part of the blood plasma to leak out into tissues but not proteins or blood cells

  9. Blood Vessel Disease • Blood vessel diseases are caused by the narrowing down or constriction of blood vessels • This constriction is composed of plaque built from fat over long periods of time • Diet, gender, age and genetics can be factors that cause blood vessel diseases

  10. Different types of blood vessel diseases: -Coronary Artery Disease -Aneurysm -Peripheral Arterial Disease -Hypertension

  11. Symptoms • Muscle cramps/ache • Cold hands and feet • Pale skin • Hair loss on the toes, feet and legs • Sores that take too long to heal • Sores when scabbed over appear black • Slight or no pulse in the feet or legs • Skin and nails appear reddish-blue in color

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