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Pyrolysis of Biomass to Produce Bio-oil, Biochar and Combustible Gas

Pyrolysis of Biomass to Produce Bio-oil, Biochar and Combustible Gas. Energy Postgraduate Conference 2008. John Edwards School of Engineering and Advanced Technology Massey University. What is Pyrolysis?.

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Pyrolysis of Biomass to Produce Bio-oil, Biochar and Combustible Gas

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  1. Pyrolysis of Biomass to Produce Bio-oil, Biochar and Combustible Gas Energy Postgraduate Conference 2008 John Edwards School of Engineering and Advanced Technology Massey University

  2. What is Pyrolysis? “Pyrolysis is thermal cracking in the absence of oxygen.” Cedric Briens “Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of organic material at elevated temperatures, in the absence of gases such as air or oxygen.” Greenpeace Heat introduced, O2excluded An endothermic reaction

  3. What is Biomass? • “Biomass is all non-fossil organic materials that have an intrinsic chemical energy content.” Ralph Sims • Distillers’ Grains, Coffee Grounds, Grape Seeds and Skins, Sugarcane Bagasse, Sawdust and Tobacco Leaves.

  4. Pyrolysis dates back to at least ancient Egyptian times. What Pyrolysis of Biomass Is Not 1. New 2. The Holy Grail of Renewable Energy.

  5. Pyrolysis of Biomass HEAT Combustible Gas Bio-Oil Vapour Condensation Biomass Biochar

  6. Combustible Gas Liquid Bio-Oil Biochar Water of Pyrolysis The Organic Chemistry Pyrolytic reaction using cellulose: HEAT 3C6H10O5 C6H8O +8H2O+CH4+2CO+2CO2+ 7C

  7. Some Advantages of Pyrolysis of Biomass • Carbon neutrality • Utilises otherwise waste biomass • Potential to be self-sustaining energy-wise • Increases bulk and energy density of biomass • Source of valuable chemicals • Biomass source can be decoupled from the energy utilisation

  8. Fast Pyrolysis of BiomassObjective to maximize liquid yield The three main variables in the pyrolysis process are: • Reaction temperature. • Biomass heating rate. • Vapour residence time. Moderate temperatures ≈ 500°C and short vapour residence time are required to maximize liquid yield.

  9. Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass Product yields (dry feed basis) for pyrolysis of wood. A.V.Bridgwater

  10. Bubbling fluidised bed method Biomass feed A.V. Bridgwater et al

  11. Maximumliquid yield Yields vs Reaction Temperature for Grape Seeds and Skins 5 secondsresidence time Gas Liquid Char

  12. Grape Skin Pyrolysis Yields vs Residence Time Reaction Temperature 500°C

  13. Self sustaining Heat of pyrolysis vs heating value of product gas for grape skins Heat of pyrolysis Heating value of product gas

  14. Production of Ethanol from Corn 1litre of ethanol = 800grams of distillers’ grains Distillers’ grain has a heating value of 6 to 20 MJ/kg Bulk density ≈ 400kg m-3 Mike Jacobson

  15. Heat of Pyrolysis provided by combustible gas Ethanol Production Pure Ethanol CO2 Sequestration of Biochar Options for Distillers’ Grains Distillers’ Grains Pyrolysis

  16. Bulk and Energy Densities Comparisons of Bulk and Energy Densities for Biomass and Bio-Oil Phillip C. Badger, Peter Fransham

  17. Mobile Pyrolysis Unit 400 kg/h Demo Unit

  18. Comparison of Bio-oil with Heavy Fuel oil Dinesh Mohan et al

  19. The Challenges For upgrading of bio-oil to transport fuels • Low volatility • Low heating value. • High viscosity • Corrosiveness • Coking Every biomass is different!

  20. Combination of bio-oil with diesel Alternatives to upgrading • Gasification of bio-oil to syngas

  21. Opportunities • New Zealand has a plethora of biomass from forest and agricultural waste, for example • Bio-oil and biochar co-production can be economically, environmentally and climate friendly

  22. Economy Environment  ConclusionsPyrolysis of Biomass • Rapidly developing technology • Added Value Economy • Carbon negative solution Environment  • Increased bulk and energy density • More work needs to be done for upgrading • to transport fuels

  23. Distillers’ Grains Biomass

  24. Distillers’ Grain Biochar

  25. Distillers’ Grain Bio-oil

  26. Massey University Ann-Marie Jackson Professor Don Cleland Professor Clive Davies The University of Western Ontario Professor Franco Berruti ProfessorCedric Briens Dr. Lorenzo Ferrante Mohammad Latifi Ran Xu Rohan Bedmutha Mike Jacobson Acknowledgements Queen Elizabeth II Technicians’ Study Awards Shirley and Lukey

  27. Thank youQuestions? John Edwards School of Engineering and Advanced Technology Massey University Palmerston North email: J.Edwards@massey.ac.nz

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