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XI. Alkane Alkene Rxns

A. Alkane Substitution. 1. Substituting a halogen for a hydrogen, only done with CH42. Halogens- F2, Cl2, Br2,

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XI. Alkane Alkene Rxns

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    1. XI. Alkane & Alkene Rxns A. Alkane Substitution B. Alkene Addition C. Alkene Polymerization

    2. A. Alkane Substitution 1. Substituting a halogen for a hydrogen, only done with CH4 2. Halogens- F2, Cl2, Br2, & I2 3.Example

    3. 3. Alkane Substitution Example a. Methane + chlorine yields chloromethane (methyl chloride), dichloromethane (methlene chloride), trichloromethane (chloroform), & tetrachloromethane (carbon tetrachloride)

    4. B. Alkene Addition 1. Hydrogenation 2. Halogenation 3. Hydrohalogenation 4. Hydration 5. Thiolation 6. Amination

    5. 1. Hydrogenation a. Adding H2 at the double bond b. c. Examples

    6. 2. Halogenation a. Adding a halogen (F2, Cl2, Br2, or I2) at the double bond b. c. Example 1,2-dichloropropane

    7. 3. Hydrohalogenation a. Adding a hydrohalide (HF, HCl, HBr, or HI) at the double bond b. c. Markovnikov’s Rule- In a hydro-halogenation the H goes to the double bond C with the most H atoms & the halide goes to the double bond C with the least H atoms d. Example

    8. d. Hydrohalogenation Example 2-bromopropane

    9. 4. Hydration a. Adding water at the double bond b. c. Follows Markovnikov’s Rule, hydroxyl acts as a halide d. Example 2-propanol

    10. 5. Thiolation a. Adding hydrogen sulfide at the double bond b. c. Example ethanethiol d. trans-2-butene-1-thiol

    11. d. 1-thiol-trans-2-butene Mephitis mephitis ,skunk, odor

    12. 6. Amination a. Adding ammonia at the double bond b. c. Example amino ethane (ethyl amine) d. Amine

    13. d. Amine 1.) N with one, two, or three attached C chains &/or rings 2.) Amine classification 3.) Amine nomenclature 4.) Aromatic amine 5.) Alkaloids

    14. 2.) Amine Classification a.) Primary amine, 1o, one C chain &/or ring ethyl amine

    15. 2.) Amine Classification b.) Secondary amine, 2o, two C chains &/or rings N-methyl ethyl amine

    16. 2.) Amine Classification c.) Tertiary amine, 3o, three C chains &/or rings N,N-dimethyl ethyl amine

    17. 3.) Amine Nomenclature a.) Longest/largest carbon chain/ring is parent , N-C is C1 b.) Remaining alkyl or aromatic groups attached to N, named as N-substituents c.) If identical, use di- & tri- d.) If different, arrange alphabetically e.) Examples

    18. e.) Amine Nomenclature Examples N-methylethylamine (ethylmethylamine) N,N-dimethylethylamine 2-aminobutane

    19. 4.) Aromatic amines aniline N-methylaniline

    20. 5.) Alkaloids (a.) Physiologically active amines produced by plants or fungi (b.) Quinine, nicotine, cocaine, caffeine, morphine, mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide

    21. C. Alkene Polymerization a. polyethylene b. polychloroethane (polyvinylchloride)

    22. Return to Lectures Menu

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