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Normal DNA Strand

DNA : TAC AAA GGA CGA GTA GTT TAA GCA AGA ATT. mRNA: AUG UUU CCU GCU CAU CAA AUU CGU UCU UAA Protein: Met-Phe-Pro-Ala-His-Glu-Ile-Arg-Ser-Stop. Normal DNA Strand. Mutation.

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Normal DNA Strand

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  1. DNA : TAC AAA GGA CGA GTA GTT TAA GCA AGA ATT mRNA:AUG UUU CCU GCU CAU CAA AUU CGU UCU UAA Protein: Met-Phe-Pro-Ala-His-Glu-Ile-Arg-Ser-Stop Normal DNA Strand

  2. Mutation • Mutation – Any change in the DNA base sequence which leads to a change in a protein. Sometimes mutation are beneficial, but they usually lead to non-functioning or incorrectly functioning proteins.

  3. Original DNA: TAC AAA GGA CGA GTA GTT TAA GCA AGA ATT Original Protein: Met-Phe-Pro-Ala-His-Glu-Ile-Arg-Ser-Stop 4th triplet in DNA, first base C changed to G Mutated DNA: TAC AAA GGA GGA GTA GTT TAA GCA AGA ATT Incorrect mRNA: AUG UUU CCU CCU CAU CAA AUU CGU UCU UAA Mutated Protein: Met-Phe-Pro-Pro-His-Glu-Ile-Arg-Ser-Stop The 4th amino acid is proline instead of alanine Point Mutation – One base in sequence is changed

  4. Point Mutation

  5. Original DNA: TAC AAA GGA CGA GTA GTT TAA GCA AGA ATT Original Protein: Met-Phe-Pro-Ala-His-Glu-Ile-Arg-Ser-Stop 2nd triplet in DNA, first base A deleted Mutated DNA: TAC AAG GAC GAG TAG TTT AAG CAA GAA TT Incorrect mRNA: AUG UUC CUG CUC AUC AAA UUC GUU CUU AA Mutated Protein: Met-Phe-Leu-Leu-Ile-Lys-Phe-Val-Leu After the second amino acid, the protein is completely different Frameshift Mutation – One base added or deleted from the DNA sequence

  6. Frameshift Mutation

  7. The bottom line about DNA… • No DNA = No Protein = No Cells = No Life • Reproduction is all about passing DNA from one cell to another and from one generation of organisms to the next

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