Geographic Distribution Analysis: Species Movement and Habitat Range Expansion

Figure 50.0 Earthrise

Figure 50.0x Earth from the moon

Figure 50.1 Distribution and abundance of the red kangaroo in Australia, based on aerial surveys

Figure 50.x1 Patterns of distribution in the biosphere

Figure 50.2 Sample questions at different levels of ecology

Figure 50.3 Rachel Carson

Figure 50.4 Biogeographic realms

Figure 50.5 Flowchart of factors limiting geographic distribution

Figure 50.6 Set of transplant experiments for a hypothetical species

Figure 50.7 Spread of the African honeybee in the Americas since 1956

Figure 50.8 Expansion of the geographic range of the zebra mussel (Dreissenapolymorpha) since its discovery near Detroit in 1988

Figure 50.9 Predator-removal experiments

Figure 50.15 Lake stratification and seasonal turnover (Layer 1)

Figure 50.16 Current geographic range and predicted future range for the American beech (Fagusgrandifolia) under two climate-change scenarios

Figure 50.17 The distribution of major aquatic biomes

Figure 50.18 Zonation in a lake

Figure 50.19 Freshwater biomes: Oligotrophic lake (left), eutrophic lake (top right), stream flowing into a river (bottom right)

Figure 50.20 Damming the Columbia River Basin

Figure 50.21 Wetlands (top) and estuaries (bottom)

Figure 50.22 Zonation in the marine environment

Figure 50.23 Examples of marine biomes

Figure 50.23cx Black smoker

Figure 50.14 How mountains affect rainfall

Figure 50.11 Solar radiation and latitude

Figure 50.12 What causes the seasons?

Figure 50.13 Global air circulation, precipitation, and winds

Figure 50.24 The distribution of major terrestrial biomes

Figure 50.10 A climograph for some major kinds of ecosystems (biomes) in North America

Figure 50.25a Tropical forests

Figure 50.25b Savanna

Figure 50.25bx Savanna

Figure 50.25c Deserts

Figure 50.25d Chaparral

Figure 50.25dx Chaparral

Figure 50.25e Temperate grassland

Figure 20.25f Temperate deciduous forest

Figure 20.25g Coniferous forests

Figure 20.25h Tundra

Figure 50.26 A hierarchy of scales for analyzing the geographic distribution of the moss Tetraphis

Figure 50.27 Most species have small geographic ranges

Figure 51.0 Warbler

Figure 51.x1 Parrot preening

Figure 51.1 Genetic and environmental components of behavior: a case study

Figure 51.2 Niko Tinbergen’s experiments on the digger wasp’s nest-locating behavior

Figure 51.3 Classic demonstration of innate behavior

Figure 51.4 Mayflies laying eggs on human-made surfaces

Figure 51.5 The repertoire of a songbird

Geographic Distribution Analysis: Species Movement and Habitat Range Expansion