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Plant Nutrient Functions and Transport Systems - Essential Nutrients, Macronutrients, Micronutrients

This article explores the essential nutrients required by plants for their life cycle, including macronutrients and micronutrients. It also delves into the different transport systems in plants for the absorption and distribution of water and minerals.

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Plant Nutrient Functions and Transport Systems - Essential Nutrients, Macronutrients, Micronutrients

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  1. Plant Functions BIOL 1407

  2. Essential Nutrients • Chemicals that organism cannot produce • Must be acquired from environment • Required to complete life cycle • Photo Credit: BIOL 1407 Student, Austin Nature Center, Fall 2006

  3. Macronutrients • Large quantities • Carbon • Hydrogen • Oxygen • Nitrogen • Sulfur • Phosphorus • Potassium • Calcium • Magnesium Zea mays Vascular Bundle (Orange = Sclerenchyma) Photo Credit: Barnading, 2002, Wikimedia Commons

  4. Micronutrients • Tiny quantities • Cofactors or components of enzyme systems

  5. Source of Plant Nutrients • Inorganic Compounds • Soil • Air

  6. Transport Systems • Why are they necessary?

  7. Types of Transport • Cell Transport • Across membrane • Short-distance • Diffusion from cell to cell • Long-distance • Bulk Flow • Down pressure gradients

  8. Absorption of Water & Minerals • From soil (most) • Absorption • Diffusion • Osmosis • Facilitated Diffusion • Active Transport

  9. Mineral Uptake: Cation Exchange • Cations firmly bound to soil particles • Roots secrete H+ • Directly by H+ pump • Indirectly by cellular respiration

  10. Short-Distance Transport • Lateral Transport • Symplast Pathway • Apoplast Pathway • Transmembrane Pathway

  11. Short-Distance Transport in Roots

  12. Long-Distance Transport • Xylem • Water • Minerals • Phloem • Organic compounds

  13. Xylem

  14. Xylem Transport • Root Pressure • Cohesion and Adhesion of Water in Xylem tubes • Transpiration

  15. Root Pressure • Loading of water and minerals into xylem vessels  hydrostatic pressure in stele

  16. Cohesion & Adhesion

  17. Transpiration • Evaporation of water from plant surfaces • Mainly through leaf stomata

  18. Transpiration Pull

  19. Shoot Gas Exchange • Leaves • Cuticle • Stomata – Opening • Guard Cells – Regulate Gas Exchange • Stem • Lenticels • Photo Credit of Lenticels: Sten Porse, 2007, Wikimedia Commons

  20. Root Gas Exchange • No cuticle • No stomata

  21. Phloem Transport • Sugar Sources • Sugar Sinks

  22. Phloem Cells

  23. Lateral Transport of Sugars

  24. Apoplast Sieve tube element or companion cell

  25. Phloem Transport

  26. Plant Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J1PqUB7Tu3Y

  27. The End Unless otherwise specified, all images in this presentation came from: Campbell, et al. 2008. Biology, 8th ed. Pearson Benjamin Cummings.

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