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Simbol-X Focal Plane: Preliminary Architecture Scheme

This presentation discusses the preliminary architecture scheme of the Simbol-X Focal Plane, including optics, multilayer coating technique, and the focal detector assembly.

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Simbol-X Focal Plane: Preliminary Architecture Scheme

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  1. A. Goldwurm The Simbol-X Focal Plane, Simbol-X Meeting, OAB, Milano, 17 / 10 / 2006 1 The Simbol-X Focal Plane Preliminary Architecture Scheme (Phase A Studies) Andrea Goldwurm AstroParticule et Cosmologie – Paris Service d’Astrophysique / CEA – Saclay France Based on a set of presentations by Ph. Ferrando (SAp/CEA & APC), O. Limousin (SAp/CEA), L. Struder (MPE), et. al.

  2. Participating laboratories Short history A. Goldwurm The Simbol-X Focal Plane, Simbol-X Meeting, OAB, Milano, 17 / 10 / 2006 2 F : CEA/Saclay, CESR/Toulouse, APC/Paris, LAOG/Grenoble, Obs.Paris/Meudon It : (INAF :) O.A.Brera, Roma, Palermo, IASF Milano, Bologna D : MPE Garching, I.A.A.Tübingen • End ‘01 : First ideas & discussions CEA/Saclay & O.A.Brera • End ‘03 : CNES call for scientific ideas using formation flight • Mid ‘04 : Selection of 4 missions for assessment phase (ph 0) • End ‘05 : Simbol-X recommended for phase A (alone)

  3. Simbol-X scientific requirements Continuum sensitivity [1 Ms, 3 ] : 10-14 erg/cm2/s [20-40 keV] (1mCrab) Line sensitivity : 10-7 ph/cm2/s @ 68 keV A. Goldwurm The Simbol-X Focal Plane, Simbol-X Meeting, OAB, Milano, 17 / 10 / 2006 3 Energy band : ~ 0.5 to > 80 keV DE : < 150 eV @ 6 keV (Fe Ka) < 1.3 keV @ 68 keV (44Ti) Dq (HPD) : goal 15 arcsec (< 20) FOV : goal 13 arcmin (> 9) Attitude reconst. : ± 2 arcsec Dt : < 100 microsecondes  Large effective area, excellent angular resolution, very low background

  4. A. Goldwurm The Simbol-X Focal Plane, Simbol-X Meeting, OAB, Milano, 17 / 10 / 2006 4 The only way to go : focusing How ? Extend to the hard X-rays the successful “soft X-rays” technics, with very long focal length possible thanks to formation flight 20 to 30 m Grazing incidence : Emax 1/qFocal Length

  5. On behalf of the Simbol-X collaboration Simbol-X a new generation hard X–ray telescope 0.5 – 80 keV formation flight

  6. A. Goldwurm The Simbol-X Focal Plane, Simbol-X Meeting, OAB, Milano, 17 / 10 / 2006 6 The Simbol-X challenges • Optics : - image quality (15” HPD) with large FOV - high throughput (500-1000 cm2 @ 30 keV) - with “low” mass ! • Focal plane : - very low background - wide energy response with high spectroscopic performances • Formation flight - onboard systems - operations management

  7. Optics : effective area and FOV optimization (in progress) Mirror parameters to be optimized in phase A Focal length : range 20 - 30 m Shell diameters : 30 to max 70 cm Shell thickness : 0.1 to 0.3 mm ? Number of shells : ~ 100 A. Goldwurm The Simbol-X Focal Plane, Simbol-X Meeting, OAB, Milano, 17 / 10 / 2006 7 Multilayer coating technique

  8. A. Goldwurm The Simbol-X Focal Plane, Simbol-X Meeting, OAB, Milano, 17 / 10 / 2006 8 The focal detector assembly : principle (CEA/SAp, APC, CESR, MPE-IAAT) The needs • Spectro-imaging system, with pixel size with good oversampling of the PSF (~ 500 mm) and full coverage of field of view (~ 8 cm) • Very low background (10-4 cts/cm2/s/keV) • Operation at “room” temperature • Low energy response down a few 100’s eV • Good spectral resolution for Iron and Ti lines Door Cal.S. General design of the focal plane assembly

  9. < 17 keV > 17 keV MPD CdZnTe Active anticoincidence Optical filter (0.1 mm Al) Low energy detector (450 mm Silicium) High energy detector (2 mm Cd(Zn)Te) A. Goldwurm The Simbol-X Focal Plane, Simbol-X Meeting, OAB, Milano, 17 / 10 / 2006 9 The focal detector assembly : principle (CEA/SAp, APC, CESR, MPE-IAAT) The needs • Spectro-imaging system, with pixel size with good oversampling of the PSF (~ 500 mm) and full coverage of field of view (~ 8 cm) • Very low background (10-4 cts/cm2/s/keV) • Operation at “room” temperature • Low energy response down a few 100’s eV • Good spectral resolution for Iron and Ti lines General design of the focal plane detector unit

  10. A. Goldwurm The Simbol-X Focal Plane, Simbol-X Meeting, OAB, Milano, 17 / 10 / 2006 10 SIMBOL-X Detectors Requirements • The detectors must : • Sample the PSF over a 12 arcmin field of view • 500 x 500 µm² pixels • Limited dead areas (useful from construction anyway !) • 16384 pixels, i.e. ~ 64 cm² • Cover the energy range from 0.5 up to 80 keV • Have excellent spectral response • Have timing performances (physics and background rejection) • Compliant with space constraints and launch • Two superimposed detector arrays • LED (Low Energy Detector) - Si 0.5 keV to 20 keV • HED (High Energy Detector) - CdTe 8 keV to 80 keV • Detector arrays are independent • Surrounded by an active shielding against background

  11. The focal detector assembly : current design A. Goldwurm The Simbol-X Focal Plane, Simbol-X Meeting, OAB, Milano, 17 / 10 / 2006 11 Low energy detector (450 mm Silicon) ~ 500 mm size pixels High energy detector (2 mm Cd(Zn)Te) Active anticoincidence shield Current study parametres • Spectro-imaging system 0.5-100 keV • Pixel size ~ 500 mm • Size 8x8 cm2, 128x128 pixels • Operational temperature ~ -40°/ -30°C • Anticoincidence for Cd(Zn)Te ensured, for Si to be worked out

  12. The Low Energy Detector A. Goldwurm The Simbol-X Focal Plane, Simbol-X Meeting, OAB, Milano, 17 / 10 / 2006 12

  13. A. Goldwurm The Simbol-X Focal Plane, Simbol-X Meeting, OAB, Milano, 17 / 10 / 2006 13

  14. A. Goldwurm The Simbol-X Focal Plane, Simbol-X Meeting, OAB, Milano, 17 / 10 / 2006 14

  15. A. Goldwurm The Simbol-X Focal Plane, Simbol-X Meeting, OAB, Milano, 17 / 10 / 2006 15 One DEPFET pixel spectral response

  16. Low energy detector A. Goldwurm The Simbol-X Focal Plane, Simbol-X Meeting, OAB, Milano, 17 / 10 / 2006 16 Read-out and spectroscopic predictions • 4 quadrants in parallel • read-out : 4 s per row • Full frame in 256 s • Window mode possible

  17. A. Goldwurm The Simbol-X Focal Plane, Simbol-X Meeting, OAB, Milano, 17 / 10 / 2006 17 High energy detector

  18. High energy detector : Basic element A. Goldwurm The Simbol-X Focal Plane, Simbol-X Meeting, OAB, Milano, 17 / 10 / 2006 18 256 pixels CZT assembly: principle Segmented anode Detector Platform ASIC: 256 readout channels

  19. Sector 2×4 modules HED plane 2×4 sectors = 8 sectors = 16384 pix A. Goldwurm The Simbol-X Focal Plane, Simbol-X Meeting, OAB, Milano, 17 / 10 / 2006 19 High Energy Focal Plane CALISTE Module Cd(Zn)Te 10×10×2 mm²16×16 = 256 pix of 500×500 μm² E range ~ 5–100 keV E ~ 1 keV @ 60 keV (-40°C) Dead zones: 2 pix between modules 3 pix between sectors

  20. High Energy Detector (CEA/Saclay) • Tests of pixellated Cd(Zn)Te matrices 256 pixels CZT array, 6 mm thick (eV-Products) 256 pixels Schottky arrays, 0.5 mm thick (ACRORAD) • Hybridization •ASICs development (IDeF-X Vx.x) A. Goldwurm The Simbol-X Focal Plane, Simbol-X Meeting, OAB, Milano, 17 / 10 / 2006 20 Arrays of Cd(Zn)Te pixellated crystals, with front-end ASICs

  21. -11° / 500V / CZT 2 mm / 64 pixels 1.48 keV FWHM -18° / 400V /CdTe Schottky 1 mm / 64 pix 1.0 keV FWHM A. Goldwurm The Simbol-X Focal Plane, Simbol-X Meeting, OAB, Milano, 17 / 10 / 2006 21 High energy detector Current results… CdTe Detector Thermal and vacuum chamber IDeF-X V1.0 Analog read-out level 1

  22. ISGRI : CdTe Pt/Pt 4x4x2 mm3 / 120V / 0°C R&T IDeF-X V1.0 : CdTe In/Pt 2x2x0.5 mm3 / 340V / 24°C 5.6 keV FWHM 1.1 keV FWHM (0.9 keV right side) 2005 0.73 keV FWHM at 13.9 keV A. Goldwurm The Simbol-X Focal Plane, Simbol-X Meeting, OAB, Milano, 17 / 10 / 2006 22 Since ISGRI … 2001 à 2005 2001

  23. A. Goldwurm The Simbol-X Focal Plane, Simbol-X Meeting, OAB, Milano, 17 / 10 / 2006 23 Example of characterization of a CdTe detector array CdTe / Schottky /1 mm / 64 pixels / 400 V -18°C

  24. Background issues (1) baffling against diffuse emission A. Goldwurm The Simbol-X Focal Plane, Simbol-X Meeting, OAB, Milano, 17 / 10 / 2006 24 Sizes: interdependent, and also dependent on formation flight accuracy (tilt and shift) Typical numbers Baffle : 3 m diameter Collimator : ~ 1.5 m long ~ 13 cm diameter Current design : complete overall sky shielding (outside mirror F.O.V) Composition : graded shield Ta/Sn/Cu/Al/C

  25. A. Goldwurm The Simbol-X Focal Plane, Simbol-X Meeting, OAB, Milano, 17 / 10 / 2006 25 Background issues (2) rejecting particle induced background Implementation of active shielding coupled to inner passive graded shield CR ~ 5000 ct/s AW ~ 1 μs => < 1% dt

  26. LEDA HEDA DPDPA Collimator Door Calibration Wheel Anti-Coincidence LEDE HEDE ACDE Protective Enclosure DPPSA Passive Radiator Heat Pipes A. Goldwurm The Simbol-X Focal Plane, Simbol-X Meeting, OAB, Milano, 17 / 10 / 2006 26 The focal detector assembly : overview Current allocation (with margins) 90 kg, 75 W

  27. A. Goldwurm The Simbol-X Focal Plane, Simbol-X Meeting, OAB, Milano, 17 / 10 / 2006 27 Grazie per l’attenzione !

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