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Digestive System Overview

Learn about the different parts of the digestive system, including the teeth, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and accessory organs. Understand the process of digestion and absorption, as well as common diseases and enzymes involved. Discover the importance of vitamins in maintaining a healthy digestive system.

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Digestive System Overview

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  1. Ch 15 Supplement Review

  2. Name the number • A) Deciduous “Baby” Teeth B) Permanent teeth • 20 32 • C) Alimentary canal length • 9 meters (30 feet) • D) ATP made in: • a) Glycolysis b) Kreb’s Cycle c) Electron Tranpsport Chain • 2 2 32-34 • E) Net ATP made in aerobic respiration • 36-38 ATP • F) Calorie needs in: • a) Teenage female b) Teenage male • 2200 2800 • G) a) Total cholesterol b) LDL “bad” c) HDL “good” • <200 <130 >40

  3. Indicate the stomach terms: • Upper Middle Lower Folds • Fundus Body Pylorus Rugae • Indicate the small intestine terms: • Upper Middle Lower Finger-like folds • Duodenum Jejunum Ileum intestinal Villi • Valves/coverings: Naso/oropharynx Trachea/esophagus • Uvula Epiglottis • Esophagus/Stomach Stomach/SI SI/LI • Cardiac Sphincter Pyloric sphincter Ileocecal valve • Forms bolus Food/air tube to stomach • Buccal cavity Pharynx Esophagus • Forms chyme Absorption of food water absorption,forms feces • Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine

  4. Accessory organs: • Liver, Gallbladder, pancreas, Teeth, Tongue, Salivary glands • Parts of teeth: • Visible portion Below gum Contains bv & nerves • Crown Root Pulp cavity • Passageway of food through alimentary canal: • Mouth  Pharynx  Esophagus  Stomach  SI  LI • Diseases: Varicose veins in rectum • Hemmoroids • Blocked duct by gallstones causing inflamed pancreas • Pancreatitis • Too little water absorbed in LI Too much water absorbed in LI • Diarrhea Constipation • Reflux of stomach contents into esophagus due to malfunctioning cardiac sphincter • Heartburn/Acid reflux • Inflammation of the Liver characterized by jaundice • Hepatitis

  5. Name the process used when: 1) You split glucose to power cellular respiration (1st step) • Glycolysis • 2) You miss a meal, and your body releases glucagon to cause the breakdown of glycogen into glucose, raising blood sugar. • Glycogenolysis • 3) Your body converts excess glucose: • a) To glycogen b) To fats • GlycogenesisLypogenesis • 4) You run low on carbs and your body: a) Converts lipids to glucose b) Splits lipids directly GluconeogenesisLypolysis

  6. What enzyme breaks down proteins from the: • A) Stomach B) Pancreas C) Small Intestine • Pepsin Trypsin Peptidase • What enzyme/s break/s down carbs from the: • A) Mouth B) Pancreas C) Small Intestine • Amylase Amylase Sucrase, Maltase, lactase • What substance/enzyme breaks down lipids from the: • A) Liver B) Pancreas C) Small Intestine • Bile Lipase Lipase • What substance/hormone: A) stimulate pancreas/gallbladder • Cholecystokinin and Secretin • B) Causes release of gastric juice • Gastrin • C) Protects stomach and intestine • Mucous

  7. Vitamins: • Calcium absorption; formed in response to sunlight • Vitamin D • Forms clotting factors; made by bacteria in intestine • Vitamin K • Important in skin health and night vision • Vitamin A • Strong antioxidant; Promotes healing • Vitamin E • Found in citrus fruits; Shortage causes Scurvy • Vitamin C • Fat soluble vitamins Water soluble vitamins • A,D,E,K B12, C

  8. Be able to label

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