第五章 特殊运行

1. 第五章 特殊运行 Chapter V Special Operation

2. 第五章 特殊运行Chapter V Special Operation §1 特殊机场运行 Special airport operations §2 RVSM运行 RVSM operation §3 PBN运行 PBN run §4 II类运行 II class run

3. §1 特殊机场运行§ 1Special airport operations 1 特殊机场定义 Definition of special airport 2 特殊机场运行要求 Special operation requirements of the airport 3 管理特殊机场运行相关部门职责 Special operation of the airport management duties related departments 4 高原机场运行 Altitude airport operations 5 特殊机场运行示例 Examples of special airport operations

4. 1 特殊机场定义Definition of special airport 具有下列因素之一的机场被定义为特殊机场，特殊机场需得到民航局方的认可，并载入《运行规范》。 The airport has one of the following factors are defined as a special airport, special airport recognized by the Civil Aviation Authority side, and load 《operation specifications》. 机场位于山谷、山腰或山顶，周围地形复杂 ； Airport is located in the valley, mountainside or the Peak, the surrounding terrain; 进近助航设施或进近程序不标准； Approach aids to navigation or approach procedures are non-standard;

5. 1 特殊机场定义Definition of special airport 机场标高在1500米以上，且导航设施只能提供非精密进近程序； 1500 meters above the airport elevation, and navigation facilities can only provide non-precision approach procedures; 当地气象条件异常； Abnormal weather conditions locally; 具有异常性或性能限制； With abnormal or performance limitations; 只有单一的导航设施和程序；Airport is only a single navigation facilities and procedures;

6. 特殊机场定义The definition of a special Airport 无合适的目的地备降机场，需在航路上选择一预定点起飞备降场； No suitable destination alternate airport need to select a predetermined point on the route to take off alternate airport; 需要制定起飞一发失效应急程序； Need to develop emergency procedures when failed to take off at first serve;

7. 因受地形限制，机场只有单向着陆的跑道，需要制定一发失效的决断高度/高、最低下降高度/高或为低高度复飞制作专门的复飞应急程序；因受地形限制，机场只有单向着陆的跑道，需要制定一发失效的决断高度/高、最低下降高度/高或为低高度复飞制作专门的复飞应急程序； Due to topographical constraints, only one-way airport runway landing, failure of the decision situation as the need for a high / high, the minimum descent altitude / high or low altitude go around making a special emergency procedures; 特殊机场定义The definition of a special Airport

8. 因地形原因导致非标准的进近着陆程序和起飞离场程序，如：反向着陆、通场下降高度后着陆、IGS进近、特殊的复飞程序；因地形原因导致非标准的进近着陆程序和起飞离场程序，如：反向着陆、通场下降高度后着陆、IGS进近、特殊的复飞程序； Topographical reasons for non-standard approach and landing procedures and departure procedures, such as: reverse landing, after landing a high pass down field, IGS approach, special around procedures; 机场标高在2438（8000英尺）米以上。 The airport elevation in 2438 meters(8000 feet). 特殊机场定义The definition of a special Airport

9. 2 特殊机场运行要求Special operation requirements of the airport 2.1特殊机场运行时机长的资格要求 Special Airport eligibility requirements to run for a captain 1）在前12个日历月之内曾作为飞行机组成员飞过该机场（包括：起飞和着陆），或曾使用经局方认可的机场图形演示设备或飞行模拟机进行训练并获得资格。 1) First, within 12 calendar months as flight crew members had flown to the airport (including: takeoff and landing), or used by the Council approved the airport graphics presentation device or flight simulator for training and qualification.

10. 2 特殊机场运行要求Special operation requirements of the airport 2）机场的云底高度至少高于该机场仪表进近程序规定的起始进近高度之上300（1000英尺）米，而且该机场的能见度至少4800米（3英里），则进入该机场（包括起飞和着陆）时，可不对机长作特殊机场资格要求。 2) The airport at least above the cloud base height of the airport's instrument approach procedures require initial approach altitude over 300 (1000 feet) meters, and the visibility at the airport at least 4,800 meters (3 miles), go to the airport (Including takeoff and landing), the time to make a special airport pilot qualifications out of request.

11. 2.2 其他要求Others Requirements 规定在满足要求的天气条件下，可不对机长作特殊机场资格的要求，目的是为了使飞行员通过飞行一次特殊机场而获得该特殊机场的机场资格。 Requirements to meet the requirements of the weather conditions, may not need for pilot qualification requirements for special purpose is to enable the pilot through the flight to obtain a special airport of the special qualifications.

12. 2.2 其他要求Others Requirements 飞行机组应在飞行前准备时，仔细研究该特殊机场的具体情况，如特殊机场起飞一发失效的应急程序、反向着陆的飞行方法等。  Flight crew pre-flight preparation should study carefully the specific circumstances of that particular airport, such as the failure of the special situation got airport emergency procedures, methods of reverse-landing flight.

13. 其他要求Other Requirements 机场细则或AIP中关于该机场的特殊规定必须遵守。 Airport AIP in association or special provisions on the airport must comply. 航空承运人应建立一套控制程序，从机组排班到签派放行，应确保机长具有该次飞行所用机场（包括备降场）中特殊机场的机长资格。 Air carrier shall establish a control program, from scheduling to dispatch release unit should ensure that the flight commander with the use of the airport (including the alternate airport) the airport commander of special qualifications.

14. 其他要求Other Requirements 航空承运人应根据公司的实际情况，如航线结构、机型的特点、机载设备、飞行经验等确定公司的特殊机场清单，纳入公司运行规范。 Air carriers should be based on the actual situation of the company, such as route structure, aircraft characteristics, airborne equipment, flight experience to determine the company's list of the special airport,to write into the company operations specifications.

15. 2.3 各航空公司根据机型、运行条件、运行经验和水平等对现运行的特殊机场进行分类。 According to the airline model, operating conditions, operating experience and the level of the current operation of the special airport classification. 示例： Example: 一类：高高原机场，如：拉萨/贡嘎机场、九寨沟/黄龙；灵芝机场； one categories: High-altitude airports, such as: Lhasa / Gonggar Airport, Jiuzhaigou / Huanglong; Ganoderma airport;

17. 二类：复杂特殊机场，如：攀枝花/保安营机场；丽江/三义机场；大理/荒草坝机场；西双版纳/嘎洒机场；二类：复杂特殊机场，如：攀枝花/保安营机场；丽江/三义机场；大理/荒草坝机场；西双版纳/嘎洒机场； Two categories: Complex and specific airport, such as: Panzhihua / airport security business; Lijiang / Sanyi Airport; Dali / grassland Dam Airport; Xishuangbanna / Gasa Airport;

18. 三类：一般特殊机场，如：昆明/巫家坝机场；张家界/荷花机场；西昌/青山机场；西宁/曹家堡机场；三类：一般特殊机场，如：昆明/巫家坝机场；张家界/荷花机场；西昌/青山机场；西宁/曹家堡机场； Three categories: General special airports, such as: Kunming / Wujiaba Airport; Zhangjiajie / Lotus Airport; Xichang / Castle Airport; Xining / Caojiabao airport; 四类：特别行政区及境外机场，如：香港/赤腊角机场。 Four categories: Special Administrative Region and outside the airport, such as: Hong Kong / Chek Lap Kok Airport.

19. CCAR121中对机长的特殊区域、航路和机场合格要求的规定如下： CCAR121 in a special area of the captain, route and airport qualification requirements are as follows: 2.4 机组中飞行人员最低配备规定Unit with the provisions of the minimum flight crew

20. 2.4 机组中飞行人员最低配备规定Unit with the provisions of the minimum flight crew 局方可以根据周围地形、障碍物、复杂的进近程序或者离场程序等因素，将某些机场确定为特殊机场，要求机长具有特殊的机场资格，并可以对某些区域或者航路提出特殊类型的导航资格要求。 Council according to the surrounding terrain, obstacles, complex approach procedures or departure procedures and other factors, will be identified as a special airport, some airports require special airport pilot qualifications, and can be made ​​for certain regions or specific route type of navigation qualification requirements.

21. 3 管理特殊机场运行相关部门职责Operation of the special airport-related management functions of the departments 3.1 飞行部Flight Division 根据《运行手册》中确定的特殊机场的分类标准以及公司的具体运行条件，如航线结构、机型的特点、机载设备、飞行经验等确定公司的特殊机场清单。 According to "Run Manual " to determine criteria for the classification of special airports and the company's specific operating conditions, such as route structure, aircraft characteristics, airborne equipment, flight experience to determine the company's special airport list.

22. 3 管理特殊机场运行相关部门职责Operation of the special airport-related management functions of the departments 3.1 飞行部Flight Division 根据机场的运行限制条件,针对确定的每一特殊机场,制定特殊机场运行的标准或程序；参与制定机场一发失效应急程序。 According to airport operating restrictions for airports identified in each particular, to develop special standards or procedures for airport operations; Involved in developing the airport situation as failure of emergency response procedures.

23. 3.2 运行控制部Operation Control Division 制定特殊机场控制程序，确保签派放行时机长具有该次飞行所用特殊机场的机长资格； Airport control the development of special procedures to ensure when dispatch released the flight commander have the special airport qualifications;

24. 3.2 运行控制部Operation Control Division 签派放行前应向机长简介特殊机场的具体情况及运行限制条件； Dispatcher should be introduce to the special circumstances of the airport and operation restrictions to the captain before the release; 根据需要制定特殊机场的一发失效应急程序。 According to the special need for a round failure of the airport emergency procedures.

25. 3.3 安全质量管理部Safety and Quality Management 公司飞行技术委员会制定特殊机场清单及运行限制条件后，由安全质量管理部标准管理室纳入公司《运行规范》并报局方审批。 Companies Airport Flight Technical Committee to develop a list of special conditions and operational constraints, safety and quality management by the Office of Standards, manage into the company "operations specifications" and report to the Council for approval.

26. 4 高原机场运行Altitude airport operations 4.1 定义和要求Definitions and requirements 高原机场包括一般高原机场和高高原机场两类: High-altitude airports:Including general and high-altitude airports : 一般高原机场：海拔高度在1500米（4922英尺）及以上，但低于2560米（8400英尺）的机场。 General plateau airport: Altitude 1500 meters (4922 feet) or more but less than 2560 meters (8400 feet) of the airport. 高高原机场：海拔高度在2560米（8400英尺）及以上的机场。 High-altitude airport: Altitude at 2560 meters (8400 feet) above the airport.

27. 要求Requirements 高原机场运行有其特殊性，除满足正常运行的飞行规则、飞行程序和飞行标准外，还需满足中国民航当局特殊运行补充审定的各项要求，在运行中各部门都应严格执行公司对高原机场运行的特别政策、程序和标准； Altitude operation of the airport has its own specialty, in addition to meet the normal operation of the flight rules, flight procedures and flight standards, the need to run to meet the special supplement China's civil aviation authorities of the validation requirements in the operation of various departments should strictly follow the plateau airport runs special policies, procedures and standards;

28. 在高原机场运行，需将运行机场清单列入特殊机场，由局方对公司《运行规范》相关条款进行批准。在高原机场运行，需将运行机场清单列入特殊机场，由局方对公司《运行规范》相关条款进行批准。 In the high-altitude airports, it has to run the airport will be included in the list of special airport, by the Bureau of the company "operations specifications" approved by the relevant provisions. 公司飞行、机务、航务、客舱、客运、货运等部门的运行人员，应知晓并遵守公司高原机场运行的政策、程序以及相关标准。 Company flight, plane maintenance, aviation, cabin, passenger, freight and other departments of the operating personnel, should be aware of and comply with the company running the airport plateau policies, procedures and standards. 要求Requirements

29. 4.2 飞机的适航要求Aircraft airworthiness requirements 所运行机场的标高不超过飞机飞行手册中规定的起降包线。 Elevation of the airport are running no more than the aircraft flight manual landing in the envelope provided. 飞机的供氧能力应当符合所运行高原机场及航路的应急下降和急救用的 补充氧气要求，并且满足机组人员在着陆后至下一次起飞前的必要供氧要求。 Aircraft oxygen supply capacity should meet the high-altitude airports and route running down the emergency use of supplemental oxygen and first aid requirements

30. 飞机的适航要求Aircraft airworthiness requirements 座舱增压系统应当为经过型号审定或者其它方式批准为适应高高度起飞、着陆运行的飞机。 After the cabin pressurization system should be audited or otherwise approved models to adapt to high altitude take-off and landing of aircraft operation. 任何一台发动机的排气温度（EGT）裕度平均值高于8℃或者等效限制。 Any one engine exhaust gas temperature (EGT) margin than the average 8 ℃ or equivalent restrictions.

31. 对于双发飞机，其动力系统的可靠性应当达到120分钟双发飞机延伸航程运行（ETOPS）的标准。对于双发飞机，其动力系统的可靠性应当达到120分钟双发飞机延伸航程运行（ETOPS）的标准。 The twin-engine aircraft, its power system reliability should reach 120 minutes-range twin-engine aircraft operation (ETOPS) standards. 高高原机场所使用飞机的发动机和辅助动力装置（APU）最好应具备在所运行机场的自主启动能力。 Use of high-altitude airports and aircraft auxiliary power unit engine (APU) preferably should have run in the capacity of the airport's self-start. 飞机的适航要求Aircraft airworthiness requirements

32. 4.3 飞行员 Pilot 驾驶员必须经过针对一般高原机场和高高原机场运行的理论培训方可进入相应类别的高原机场实施运行。 The driver must be for general and high-altitude high-altitude airports theoretical training to run the airport before entering the implementation of the appropriate category of high-altitude airports run. 对于高高原机场，还需使用带有高高原类别机场视景的D类模拟机进行训练，重点为起飞一发失效应急程序。 For the high-altitude airports, the need to use a high altitude airport, scene of the D type of simulator training class, focusing on emergency procedures for the take-off situation as failure.

33. 一般高原机场，在局方或公司认定的特殊区域航路和机场运行时，机长的本机型经历时间不少于500小时，并经带飞及经检查合格后才具有此种资格。一般高原机场，在局方或公司认定的特殊区域航路和机场运行时，机长的本机型经历时间不少于500小时，并经带飞及经检查合格后才具有此种资格。 General altitude airports, the company identified in the Council or a special regional routes and airport operations, the commander of the model through time of not less than 500 hours, and after checking with the flight and after passing through with such qualifications. 在局方或公司认定的特殊区域航路和机场运行时，只有C类以上的副驾驶，经带飞并经检查合格后才具有此种资格。 Or companies identified in the Council's special area routes and airport operations, only the C category and above co-pilot, flying with and approved by the inspection and approval before with such qualifications. 4.3 飞行员 Pilot

34. 高高原机场，除经局方批准，原则上在高高原机场运行的机长年龄不超过55周岁。高高原机场，除经局方批准，原则上在高高原机场运行的机长年龄不超过55周岁。 High-altitude airports, in addition to approval by the Council, in principle, the airport is running at high altitude is not the captain of the age of 55. 4.3 飞行员 Pilot

35. 在局方或公司认定的特殊区域航路和机场运行时，机长的本机型经历时间不少于500小时，并经带飞及经检查合格后才具有此种资格。驾驶员具备总计1200小时或以上的飞行经历时间，其中包括本机型300小时或以上的飞行经历时间，方可进入高高原机场运行担任副驾驶。对于已经取得高高原机场资格的驾驶员，不受此条限制。在局方或公司认定的特殊区域航路和机场运行时，机长的本机型经历时间不少于500小时，并经带飞及经检查合格后才具有此种资格。驾驶员具备总计1200小时或以上的飞行经历时间，其中包括本机型300小时或以上的飞行经历时间，方可进入高高原机场运行担任副驾驶。对于已经取得高高原机场资格的驾驶员，不受此条限制。 Or companies identified in the Council's special area routes and the airport is running, the captain of the aircraft experienced no less than 500 hours, and after checking with the flight and after passing through with such qualifications. Driver with a total of 1200 hours or more flying through time, including the model 300 hours of flight experience or more time, before running into the high-altitude airport, as the co-pilot. For high-altitude airport has been made eligible for the driver, not the clause restrictions. 4.3 飞行员 Pilot

36. 4.4 高原机场的运行要求Altitude airport operational requirements 飞机维护Aircraft Maintenance 用于高原机场运行的飞机，必须按局方适用的适航要求完成对动力装置及相关系统的改装；用于高原机场运行的飞机，应符合局方的适航要求。 Aircraft for high altitude operation of the airport, the Council must complete the applicable airworthiness requirements of power plant and related systems modifications; MEL的使用MEL use。 MEL应明确标注并制定以下关键系统放行要求： MEL should be clearly marked and develop the system released the following key requirements:

37. *反推装置；操作系统；襟/缝翼、空中/地面扰流板；防滞刹车；辅助动力装置（APU）；*反推装置；操作系统；襟/缝翼、空中/地面扰流板；防滞刹车；辅助动力装置（APU）； * Thrust reverser; operating system; flaps / slats, air / ground spoilers; anti-hysteresis brake; auxiliary power unit (APU); *无线电高度表；气象雷达；高频通讯；增压系统、设备冷却系统、空调；氧气系统；液压系统。 * Radio altimeter; weather radar; high frequency communications; pressurization systems, equipment cooling system, air conditioning; oxygen system; hydraulic system. 4.4 高原机场的运行要求Altitude airport operational requirements

38. 在开始高高原机场运行之前，必须完成使用机型的MEL修改。High-altitude airport at the beginning of operation must be completed before using the models of MEL modification. 4.4 高原机场的运行要求Altitude airport operational requirements

39. 飞机性能分析Aircraft performance analysis 在计算飞机的起飞重量时要重点考虑爬升越障、轮胎速度以及最大刹车能量的限制。 Aircraft take-off weight in the calculation of key consideration about climbing obstacle, the tire speed and maximum brake energy limits. 应使用飞机性能软件计算或飞行手册查得的V1/VR/V2值，不得直接使用FMS显示或快速检查单（QRH）查出的相应数值。 Software should be used to calculate aircraft performance or flight manual to look up the V1/VR/V2 value, may not directly show or a quick check using FMS single (QRH) found the corresponding value.

40. 需进行着陆分析。如存在着陆限制，则应提供着陆重量分析表。但对于高高原机场运行，无论是否存在着陆限制，都应提供着陆重量分析表。需进行着陆分析。如存在着陆限制，则应提供着陆重量分析表。但对于高高原机场运行，无论是否存在着陆限制，都应提供着陆重量分析表。 Landing in need of analysis. Such as the existence of land constraints, provide the landing weight of the table. For high altitude operation of the airport, landing restrictions regardless of whether there should be provision of landing weight of the table. 需要重点考虑快速过站时间限制以及刹车冷却问题，并在安排航班时刻时予以关注。 Important consideration of time constraints and the Fast Pass stations brake cooling issues, and when the arrangements to be concerned about the flight time. 飞机性能分析Aircraft performance analysis

41. 公司应按照局方的要求为所飞的每一机型制定起飞一发失效应急程序。除非满足以下三种情况之一，公司才可以不为该机型专门制作相应机场跑道的起飞一发失效应急程序，但必须向局方提供相应的书面分析证明材料：公司应按照局方的要求为所飞的每一机型制定起飞一发失效应急程序。除非满足以下三种情况之一，公司才可以不为该机型专门制作相应机场跑道的起飞一发失效应急程序，但必须向局方提供相应的书面分析证明材料： Company shall in accordance with the Council's requirements for each aircraft that fly off situation as failure to develop emergency response procedures. Unless one of the following three conditions, the company can not model specifically for the production of the corresponding failure of the runway to take off situation as emergency procedures, but must provide to the Council a written analysis of documents: 飞机性能分析Aircraft performance analysis

42. 1）经计算分析能够证明通过控制起飞重量，该种机型一发失效后的爬升梯度能够满足离场程序对爬升梯度的要求，当前公司在一般高原机场运行，采取减载措施以满足运行要求。1）经计算分析能够证明通过控制起飞重量，该种机型一发失效后的爬升梯度能够满足离场程序对爬升梯度的要求，当前公司在一般高原机场运行，采取减载措施以满足运行要求。 1) The calculation and analysis can prove that by controlling the take-off weight, this type of aircraft climb gradient after the first serve failed to meet the departure procedure climb gradient requirements, the current plateau in the general operation of the airport, load shedding measures taken to meet the operational requirements . 飞机性能分析Aircraft performance analysis

43. 2）经检查该型飞机一发失效后按照离场程序飞行可以安全超障，并满足相应的高度（指超障高度）要求。2）经检查该型飞机一发失效后按照离场程序飞行可以安全超障，并满足相应的高度（指超障高度）要求。 2) The inspection of the aircraft situation as after the failure of the flight departure procedures in accordance with safe obstacle clearance, and meet the appropriate height (is over the barrier height) requirements. 飞机性能分析Aircraft performance analysis

44. 3）某型飞机如果仅使用满足离场要求的一个跑道方向起飞，即不使用另外的跑道方向离场（即单向起飞）。3）某型飞机如果仅使用满足离场要求的一个跑道方向起飞，即不使用另外的跑道方向离场（即单向起飞）。 3) If you only use a certain type of aircraft required to meet the departure of a runway to take off, that does not use the other runway departure (that is way off.) 应对客舱释压的供氧和航路上一发失效的飘降进行检查。如需要，则应制定出现以上紧急情况的处置预案。 Response to the oxygen supply and cabin pressure release route on the first serve failed floating down to be checked. If necessary, there should be more developed plans for handling emergencies. 飞机性能分析Aircraft performance analysis

45. 4.3 飞行验证Flight validation 公司的每一种机型在进入某个一般高原机场运行前，局方可根据公司的运行经验和已在该机场运行机型的情况决定是否进行实地验证试飞。但每一种机型在进入每一个高高原机场运行前，都应进行不载客的验证试飞。 Models for each company to enter a general plateau in the operation of the airport before, the Council may under the company's operating experience and operating models in the case of the airport to decide whether to conduct field verification test. But each model into a high-altitude operation of the airport every before, the verification should be carried out without passenger flight.

46. 4.4 签派放行The dispatch release 重点了解高原机场和航路的天气实况和预报，严格放行标准。 Focus on understanding the airport and en route altitude weather facts and forecasts, strict release standards. 对飞机的高原适应性、飞行员的高原运行资格进行核实。 Adaptability of the aircraft altitude, the pilot to verify the qualifications to run plateau.

47. 4.4 签派放行The dispatch release 应严格按照针对高原机场运行制定的最低设备清单（MEL）签派放行飞机。 High-altitude airports should be run strictly in accordance with established against the minimum equipment list (MEL) dispatch release aircraft. 对于使用起飞一发失效应急程序的机场，应重点考虑起飞一发失效应急程序所需的机场导航设施和相应的机载设备工作的正常性。 Failure to use emergency procedures to take off first serve the airport, should focus on take-off situation as failure to consider the necessary emergency procedures and the corresponding airport navigation facilities in the normal work of the airborne equipment.

48. 应严格控制起飞重量，重点检查所带燃油，特别是飞机需携带来回程油或在备降机场较少地区的飞行。应严格控制起飞重量，重点检查所带燃油，特别是飞机需携带来回程油或在备降机场较少地区的飞行。 Should be strictly controlled take-off weight, focus on examination of the fuel brought, in particular, need to bring the aircraft to return oil or less at the alternate airport in the flight area. 应做好因外界环境变差而减少业载或在中途加降的预案。 Deterioration of the external environment should be prepared to be reduced due to payload or additional drop in the middle plan. 4.4 签派放行The dispatch release

49. 应加强对航班的实时跟踪监控，对飞机是否通过航路上的关键点（飘降返航点、客舱释压返航点、航路改航点）进行核实和检查。应加强对航班的实时跟踪监控，对飞机是否通过航路上的关键点（飘降返航点、客舱释压返航点、航路改航点）进行核实和检查。 Should strengthen the monitoring of real-time tracking of flights, whether the aircraft on key routes through the point (floating point lower return, return cabin pressure release point, change the flight route point) for verification and inspection. 签派员在初始和年度复训时应增加针对高原机场运行放行方面的有关内容。 Dispatchers in the initial and annual recurrent training for airport operations should be increased for the release of the plateau's relevant content. 4.4 签派放行The dispatch release

50. 4.5 机组成员训练及相关要求Training and Requirement of Crewmember 飞行员的训练： Pilot Training 公司在高原机场运行的飞行员应该按照批准的训练大纲完成训练。在高高原机场运行的机长的近期经历，按CCAR121要求执行。 Pilot in the company who fly the highland airport should comply to and finish the training plan. The recent experience of pilot flying highland airport should operate with CCAR121.