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Discovery of Mammalian Diversity

Discovery of Mammalian Diversity. Reeder et al., 2007. Described in 2013. Nycticebus kayan Kayan River slow loris. Bassaricyon neblion ( olinguito ). Craseonycteris thonlongyai bumble-bee bat < 2 grams. Balaenoptera musculus blue whale 200 Million grams.

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Discovery of Mammalian Diversity

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  1. Discovery of Mammalian Diversity Reeder et al., 2007

  2. Described in 2013 Nycticebuskayan Kayan River slow loris Bassaricyonneblion(olinguito)

  3. Craseonycteris thonlongyai bumble-bee bat < 2 grams Balaenoptera musculus blue whale 200 Million grams Simmons et al. 2008. Nature, 451:818. Thewissen et al.1994. Science, 263:210.

  4. Gliding species (e.g., Petaurus breviceps) Saltatorial species (e.g., Dipodomys ordi)

  5. Fossorial forms (e.g., Thomomys bottae) Arboreal forms (e.g., Bradypus tridactylus) Myrmecophagous forms (e.g., Orycteropus afer)

  6. *Hair, *sebaceous glands, *sweat glands

  7. Four-chambered Heart Nucleated erythrocytes Annucleate erythrocytes

  8. *Renal Artery and Vein Other tetrapods have a renal portal system.

  9. *Muscularized Diaphragm

  10. *Facial Muscles

  11. *Dorsal Pallium

  12. Eleven Soft Anatomy Characters 1) *Lactation 2) Vivipary 3) *Hair 4) *Sweat/*Sebaceous Glands 5) Endothermy 6) 4-Chambered heart 7) *Annucleate RBCs 8) *Renal Artery 9) *Muscular Diaphragm 10 ) *Facial muscles 11) *Dorsal Pallium expands cerebrum

  13. *Atlas/Axis Complex

  14. *3 Ear Ossicles Mammalian Ancestral

  15. 8 Cranial Characters • Double occipital condyle • *Atlas/Axis complex • *Tympanic bone • *Three ear ossicles • *Dentary is only bone in mandible • Single external naris • Secondary palate • Respiratory turbinates

  16. Dental Characters

  17. 5 Dental Characters • Lack palatal teeth • *Diphyodont • Thecodont • Heterodont • Multicuspate

  18. Axial Skeleton *Extreme Regionalization 7 (9) Ribs only on thoracic 12 or 13 Variable

  19. *Limb Bones have Epiphyses

  20. *Calcaneum (Heel bone) Calcaneum

  21. Pectoral Girdle No anterior/posterior coracoids, No interclavicle Ancestrally, there was an interclavicle, and both anterior and posterior coracoids.

  22. Pelvic Girdle Ilium, Ischium and Pubis fused to form the Innominate bone.

  23. Limbs Rotate under Body (Parasagittal posture)

  24. 4 Appendicular Skeleton Characters • *Limb bones have epiphyses. • *Calcaneum. • Reduction of elements in limb girdles. • Parasagittal limb posture.

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