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Solutions & Solubility Factors Affecting Solubility

Solutions & Solubility Factors Affecting Solubility. A solution is the same thing as a homogeneous mixture (a mixture with the exact same composition throughout). Parts of a Solution. Solute -the substance that is being dissolved in a solution

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Solutions & Solubility Factors Affecting Solubility

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  1. Solutions & Solubility Factors Affecting Solubility

  2. A solution is the same thing as a homogeneous mixture (a mixture with the exact same composition throughout).

  3. Parts of a Solution • Solute-the substance that is being dissolved in a solution • Solvent-the substance in a solution that is doing the dissolving

  4. Parts of a Solution • Example: • In a saltwater solution (salt dissolved in water): • Salt is the solute • Water is the solvent

  5. When two liquids are able to dissolve into each other, they are called miscible. ex) water & vinegar • If not, they are called immiscible. ex) water & oil

  6. Solubility is the amount of a substance that will dissolve into an amount of solvent at a given temperature

  7. A solvent (like water, for example) can only hold so much of a solute. • Or in other words, there is a maximum amount of solute that any solvent can hold.

  8. Concentration-the amount of solute that is dissolved into a solvent • Concentrated-when a solution has a high concentration of solute • Dilute-when a solution has a low concentration of solute

  9. Concentration can be described in terms of “weak” or “strong”, “concentrated” or “dilute”, but these are both relative terms and can be subjective.

  10. A more objective way to describe concentration is molarity; we will discuss molarity in more detail later this year.

  11. A saturated solution cannot hold any more of a solute at a given temperature. • An unsaturated solution can hold more solute at a given temperature.

  12. Sometimes, a solution can hold more of a solute than it should theoretically hold. This type of solution is called supersaturated. • A supersaturated solution requires heating and stirring.

  13. Supersaturated Solution Video

  14. Summary: Types of Solutions: Unsaturated Saturated Super Saturated Solvent can hold more solute; not ‘full’ Solvent can not hold more solute; ‘full’ Solvent holds more solute than normal; ‘extra full’

  15. ‘Soup Can’ analogy: Think of the solvent as a can, and the solute as the soup. Unsaturated Saturated Super Saturated

  16. In gases, pressure affects solubility. The higher the pressure, the more gas is soluble in a solvent. • ex) carbonated drinks

  17. Generally, a substance’s solubility increases as temperature is increased. • Why? • The solvent’s particles are moving faster and can dissolve more solute.

  18. In gases, however, as the temperature increases, the solubility of the gas decreases. • ex) power plants can kill fish because of the increased temperature of the water and reduced levels of oxygen

  19. Effect of temperature on solubility (solubility chart)

  20. Practice Problem #1 • How many grams of KNO3 can 100 grams of water hold at 70 oC? • 120 grams

  21. Practice Problem #2 • At what temperature can 100 grams of water hold 70 grams of KBr? • 25 oC

  22. Practice Problem #3 • How many grams of NaNO3 can 75 grams of water hold at 55 oC? • 105 grams of NaNO3 in 100 grams of water: • 105 g/100 g = x /75 g • X = (105x75)/100 • X = 78.75 g NaNO3

  23. Practice Problem #4 • What type of solution results when you mix 45 g of NH4Cl in 100 g of water at 70 oC? • Can hold 63 g; 45 g < 63 g; solution is unsaturated.

  24. LMS/Chemistry/Lessons/SolubilityOpen and Save the 2 files titled:Solubility Worksheet w/ curve 1213 Solubility Worksheet 1213 Use the remaining class time to work on these 2 worksheets ELECTRONICALLY.

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