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Translation

Translation. Catalyst: Where is DNA found? Where is RNA found? Why do we need RNA? Convert this strand of DNA into RNA. GACATTCAGAACAAG. Write in complete sentences! Don’t talk during the Catalyst!. Objectives. By the end of today, SWBAT… Describe how RNA is translated into protein.

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Translation

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  1. Translation • Catalyst: • Where is DNA found? Where is RNA found? • Why do we need RNA? • Convert this strand of DNA into RNA. • GACATTCAGAACAAG Write in complete sentences! Don’t talk during the Catalyst!

  2. Objectives By the end of today, SWBAT… Describe how RNA is translated into protein.

  3. Central Dogma DNA Transcription RNA Translation Protein

  4. What the heck is going on in this picture?

  5. Base Pairing RNAlovesU

  6. USE THE DNA CODE PROVIDED TO MAKE A COMPLEMENTARY DNA COPY A A G T T C G T T A G C T T C A A G C A A T C G

  7. USE THE DNA CODE PROVIDED TO MAKE A COMPLEMENTARY DNA COPY C G T A A G T T C G T A G C A T T C A A G C A T

  8. USE THE DNA CODE PROVIDED TO MAKE A COMPLEMENTARY RNA COPY U C G G A C A U C C G U A G C C T G T A G G C A

  9. USE THE DNA CODE PROVIDED TO MAKE A COMPLEMENTARY RNA COPY A U A G A U U U A G G C A A T C C G T A T C T A

  10. Homework: the Chart 1 2 ATGC AUGC ribose deoxyribose Carry it to ribosomes Store it/hold it yes yes Nucleus and cytoplasm Nucleus only CTAATGATGCT CUAAUGAUGCU AAATCCCGGGTA AAAUCCCGGGUA

  11. Translation • Key Point #1: • In translation, ribosomes read the information in RNA. • Ribosomes read RNA three bases at a time. • Each set of three is called a codon.

  12. The mRNA code • Key Point #2: • Each codon is the instructions to make one amino acid. • Amino acids are the building blocks for proteins. • One protein = a bunch of amino acids.

  13. Translation

  14. Table of CODONS From your three letter codon, you can use this table to figure out what amino acid it is. Third Letter

  15. Let’s Practice • Codon: UAC • What is the amino acid? Tyrosine!

  16. STOP! • After a protein is done being made, it needs to have a signal to stop adding on more amino acids. • All mRNA chains will end in a STOP codon. This is the end of the protein.

  17. Modeling Putting it all together • Change this DNA sequence into mRNA CCATCGGGAACT GGUAGCCCUUGA • Now split the mRNA into codons GGU-AGC-CCU-UGA • Finally, make an amino acid sequence Glycine-Serine-Proline-Stop

  18. Look in your NOTES! What is translation?

  19. What the heck is going on in this picture?

  20. What the heck is going on in this picture?

  21. NOTES NOTES NOTES What is a codon?

  22. How many nucleotides make up a codon?

  23. What do all mRNA sequences end in?

  24. What is an amino acid?

  25. Make this DNA into a protein • Change this DNA sequence into mRNA CACTGAGTGATC GUGACUCACUAG • Now split the mRNA into codons GUG-ACU-CAC-UAG • Finally, make an amino acid sequence Valine-Threonine-Histidine-Stop

  26. Codon Bingo • Look at your codon tables and put the 20 amino acids in the spots. You will repeat . • I am going to call out codons. • If you get a horizontal, vertical, or diagonal row, you win!

  27. OH MAN THERE WAS A ROBBERY • But luckily they have some DNA evidence. • Weirdly, they asked me to get my Biology class to solve it! • Make sure you make a sketch of the suspect! That jerk!

  28. Exit Questions • What does the process of translation do? • Convert this strand of DNA to an amino acid sequence. • AAACAAGCACCC Write in complete sentences! Don’t talk during the Exit Question!

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