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Understanding Coping in Context

Understanding Coping in Context. Chapter 8. Demo: Think of a stressful event. What was the event? What made the event stressful? What did you do? How did it affect you? Are you different as a result?. Stress.

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Understanding Coping in Context

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  1. Understanding Coping in Context Chapter 8

  2. Demo: Think of a stressful event • What was the event? • What made the event stressful? • What did you do? • How did it affect you? • Are you different as a result?

  3. Stress • relationship between person & environment that is appraised by person as taxing or exceeding his/her resources & endangering his/her well-being

  4. Effects of Stress on Individual

  5. Setting Cultures Relationships

  6. Potential relationships among ecological levels, coping processes, & interventions Outcomes Panel G Panel A Distal contextual factors (risk & protection) Panel C Panel D Panel E Panel F Panel H Panel B Distal personal factors (risk & protection)

  7. Risk Factors • Aspects of person/environment that increase chances of a bad outcome • Contextual factors: • Personal factors:

  8. Protective Factors • Aspects of person/environment that lessen the chances that the person will have a bad outcome • Contextual: • Personal:

  9. Stressors • Events in environment or in body that make an emotional or task demand on the individual • Task-Oriented: • Emotion-Related:

  10. Strain • The response to stress manifested in the person(e.g., depression or disease); • Outcome or consequences of stresses

  11. Appraisal • Cognitive Appraisal • The process by which individuals assess their particular circumstances • 2 Types • Primary Appraisal: Does the situation require coping? • Secondary Appraisal: How do I cope?

  12. Potential relationships among ecological levels, coping processes, & interventions Outcomes Panel G Panel A Distal contextual factors (risk & protection) Panel C Proximal Stressor Panel D Stress Reactions Panel E Resources Activated for coping Panel F Coping Processes Panel H Panel B Distal personal factors (risk & protection)

  13. Potential relationships among ecological levels, coping processes, & interventions Outcomes Panel G Panel A Distal contextual factors (risk & protection) Panel C Proximal Stressor Panel D Stress Reactions Panel E Resources Activated for coping Panel F Coping Processes Panel H Panel B Distal personal factors (risk & protection)

  14. Coping • employed to reduce the strain associated with stressors (i.e., a means of stress resistance)

  15. Types of Coping Strategies • Acting to manage situation responsible for the stressor; changing the situation • Manage meaning of the situation in ways that reduce threat • Manage outcomes of stressors, with outcomes being anxiety or other distress • Acting to preclude or forestall surfacing of stressors, a preventive strategy

  16. That which does not kill us makes us stronger. • - Friedrich Nietzsche

  17. What happens when you don’t learn to cope with the situation?

  18. Potential relationships among ecological levels, coping processes, & interventions Outcomes Panel G Resilience, Wellness, Thriving, empowerment Panel A Distal contextual factors (risk & protection) Panel C Proximal Stressor Panel D Stress Reactions Panel E Resources Activated for coping Panel F Coping Processes Panel H Distress, Dysfunction, Clinical disorders Panel B Distal personal factors (risk & protection)

  19. Social Support: Environmental Resource for Coping • What is Social Support? • social interactions or relationships that provide individuals with actual assistance • Settings that provide love, caring, or a sense of attachment to a valued social group or dyad

  20. Potential relationships among ecological levels, coping processes, & interventions Social/policy advocacy, consultation, alternative settings, community coalitions Prevention & promotion interventions Outcomes Panel G Resilience, Wellness, Thriving, empowerment Panel A Distal contextual factors (risk & protection) Panel C Proximal Stressor Panel D Stress Reactions Panel E Resources Activated for coping Panel F Coping Processes Panel H Distress, Dysfunction, Clinical disorders Panel B Distal personal factors (risk & protection) Crisis intervention, resource collaboration, case management Clinical Treatment

  21. 2 Social Support Hypotheses • Direct Effect • Stress-buffering

  22. (1) Direct Effect Hypothesis • Social Support has equivalent positive impact on well-being under both high & low stress conditions • Social support is always good Social Support High Stress Better Outcome Low Stress

  23. Stress-Buffering Hypothesis Social Support Better Outcome High Stress Social Support Outcome Low Stress

  24. Downside of Social Support • All relationships have costs & benefits • Examples: • relatives with chronic illness • Social Support from high risk group

  25. Conclusion • Coping processes emphasize cultural, social, & institutional contexts • Risk & protective factors important as individual & environmental influences • Persons activate resources to cope with stress • Interventions can come at different levels of ecological environment

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