24 HOUR HAZ ARDOUS W ASTE OPER ATIONS TRAINING

1. 24 HOUR HAZARDOUS WASTE OPERATIONS TRAINING

2. Day One Regulations Engineering Controls Hazard Recognition Chemical Toxicology Biological and Radiological Toxicology Personal Protective Equipment Day Two Medical Surveillance Monitoring and Sampling Decontamination Safe Work Practices Confined Space Handling drums and other containers Transportation of Hazardous Wastes Emergency Procedures Agenda

3. Agenda • Day Three • Decontamination • Review • Tabletop Identification and Hazard Assessment • Tabletop Drill/Exercise • Written Test

4. Introduction • What is HAZWOPER? • Hazardous Waste Sites • Treatment, Storage and Disposal Sites • Emergency Response regardless of location • OSHA/EPA • Colorado Department of Public Health and the Environment.

5. Introduction • Training Requirements • 40 Hours off-site + 3 day on- site • Who? Why? • 24 Hours off-site + 1 day on- site • Who? Why? • 8 Hour Supervisor • Who? Why?

6. Environmental Laws • CERCLA • RCRA • SARA • TSCA 40

7. CERCLA • Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation Liability Act • Commonly referred to as the the Superfund law, requires cleanup of releases of hazardous substances in the air, water, groundwater, and on the land. • Both new spills and leaking or abandoned dumpsites are covered.

8. RCRA • Resource Conservation and Recovery Act • Effective October 21,1976, with three distinct goals. • To protect human health and the environment • To reduce waste and conserve energy and natural resources • To reduce or eliminate the generation of hazardous waste as efficiently and quickly as possible • Governs wastes from “cradle to grave”

9. SARA • Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act • Effective 1986, Gave more authority to the EPA and reauthorized funding • Mandated OSHA to develop health and safety standards for hazardous waste workers. (HAZWOPER regulations) • SARA Title III - Community Right to Know

10. TSCA • Toxic Substance Control Act • Sets standards for the manufacturing, handling and use of toxic chemicals. • Requires employees to be trained on the hazards associated with handling and use of toxic chemicals.

11. OSHA REGULATIONS

12. Occupational Safety and Health ACT • Effective April 28, 1971 • Requires: • All workers have a safe and healthy work environment. • All employers to take steps to protect employees from recognized hazards or eliminate such hazards. • Provides employee rights and responsibilities.

13. Rights To a safe work place To request an inspection To request information on safety and health hazards in the work place To exercise your rights without discrimination Responsibilities Comply with all OSHA Standards Follow all safety rules and wear appropriate PPE Report hazardous conditions to your supervisor Report any illness or injury promptly Rights & Responsibilities

14. OSHA • Four Categories of Standards • Design Standards • Performance Standards • Vertical Standards • Horizontal Standards • 29 CFR 1910.120 paragraphs (b) through (o)

15. 29 CFR 1910 29 CFR 1926 Ventilation Noise Ionizing Radiation Hazardous Materials PPE Fire Protection Material Handling Electrical Trenching OSHA Regulations

16. 29 CFR 1910.120 • Hazardous Waste Sites • Superfund Sites • Corrective action/Clean up at RCRA Sites • Voluntary Clean up recognized by Governmental agencies • Treatment, Storage and Disposal Sites • Emergency Response

17. Scope, Application and Definitions Safety and Health Program Site Characterization Site Control Training Medical Surveillance Engineering Controls Monitoring Informational Programs Handling Drums and Containers Decontamination Emergency Response Illumination Sanitation New Technology HAZWOPER Standard

18. Safety & Health Program • Organizational Structure • Comprehensive Work plan • Site-Specific Health and Safety Plans (HASP) • Health and Safety Training Program • Medical Surveillance Program • Standard Operating Procedures • Coordination/Interface Procedures

19. Key Personnel Health and Safety Risk Analysis Site Control Measures Training Assignments Medical Surveillance Requirements Personal Protective Equipment Air and Employee Monitoring Spill Containment Confined Space Procedures Decontamination Procedures Emergency Response Plan Site-Specific Plan

20. SITE CHARACTERIZATION

21. Requirements • Found in Paragraph (c) • Topics • Preliminary evaluation • Hazard identification • Required information • Personal protective equipment • Monitoring • Risk identification • Employee notification

22. OFF - SITE CHARACTERIZATION • Performed prior to entry • Divided in two parts: - Interview/Records Search - Perimeter Reconnaissance

23. ON - SITE CHARACTERIZATION Purpose is to verify and supplement information obtained from off-site survey.

24. Types of Containers Labels or Markings Condition of Containers Condition of Materials Identify Wind Shadows Determine Potential Pathways of Dispersion Indicators of exposure Safety Hazards Identify Reactive, Flammable or Corrosive Materials Collect Samples Note Land Features Note Natural irritants Poison Ivy ON - SITE CHARACTERIZATION

25. Site Control Worker Safety Procedures Work Zones Site Map The Site Control Program Buddy System Communications Network Nearby Medical Facilities

26. Site Map Compile a site map prior to entry and update throughout course of operation. Denote changes, evacuation routes, problems areas, wind shadows, etc.

27. Work Zones

28. Site Security During Working Hours And Off-duty Hours

29. Internal Radios Noisemakers Bells Sirens Visual Signals Hand Signals Lights Flags Flares External Off-Site Emergency Response Site Management Regulatory Agencies Communication

30. Buddy System • Provide Partner with Assistance • Observe Partner for signs of Chemical or Heat Exposure • Periodically Check Integrity of Partners PPE • Notify Site Manager if Emergency Assistance is Needed

31. Site Preparation • This can be as hazardous as site cleanup • Some major steps that need to be implemented - Roadways - Traffic Flow - Building Construction - Work Zone

32. Safe Work Procedures • Engineering Controls • Safe Work Procedures • Standing Orders • SAFE WORK • PROCEDURES • Confined Space Procedure • Personal Protective Equipment • Lock Out-Tag Out Procedures

33. Medical Facilities • Nearest Medical Facilities • Ambulances • Hospitals • Emergency Clinics • Police • Fire • Map

34. Risks And Hazards

35. Hazardous materials present three main risks: • Health • Fire • Reactivity

36. Health • Health hazards are dependent on the materials involved and the routes of entry. • Inhalation • Ingestion • Absorption • Skin Contact

37. Fire • Fires can develop as a result of leaks or spills. • Liquids or vapors that readily ignite can cause burns and other heat related injuries

38. Reactivity • Some chemicals will react when place in contact with others. • Reactions can vary from generation of toxic gases to polymerization to violent explosions. • Due to the threat of explosions, reactivity is the most feared.

39. Identification And Hazard Assessment

40. Assessment • The MOST critical aspect of a hazardous substance response is the identification of the substances and a thorough assessment of the hazards that are presented. • You can’t manage the site/incident if you can’t identify and assess the problem.

41. Identification • Information Sources: • M.S.D.S. • Placards and Labels • Shipping Papers • Reference Guides • Technical Information Centers • NFPA 704 System • Computer Data Bases • Other (Monitoring results, witnesses, process knowledge, etc.)

42. Assessment • This process is the basis for the selection of PPE, control measures, engineering controls, monitoring devices, decontamination methods, disposal and everything associated with this incident/site. • At least three sources are preferred to perform an identification and hazard assessment.

43. Key Acronyms • BP=Boiling point • FP=Flash point • IT=Ignition temperature • FR=Flammable range • LFL(LEL) and UFL(UEL)=Upper and Lower Flammable (Explosive) limits • SG=Specific Gravity • VD=Vapor Density • VP=Vapor Pressure • Sol=Solubility

44. Toxicology the degree to which a chemical or substance has a harmful effect on humans or other living things. Based on information gained from: Epidemiological studies Animal Studies Chemical Toxicology

45. Chemical Toxicology • Routes of Entry • Inhalation • Ingestion • Injection • Contact

46. Chemical Toxicology LD50 and LC50 The amount of material that results in the deaths of 50% of a sample group of laboratory animals • Dose • It is the dose that kills not the material. • Water is toxic at a certain dose as well as table salt. • Synergistic Effects • Asbestos & Smoking

47. Ionizing Alpha Beta Gamma Neutron Non-ionizing Radiant heat Lasers Ultraviolet light Radio waves Radiological Toxicology

48. Alpha Largest particle Stopped by paper/clothing Health hazard if inhaled or ingested Only travel a few centimeters in the air. Beta Smaller particles and they travel further Stopped by thin metal, a thickness of wood, plastic or glass. Health hazard to the skin, eyes and internal organs if ingested or inhaled Radiological Toxicology

49. Radiological Toxicology • Gamma • Most dangerous • NO mass, just pure energy • Travel great distances • Will pass through the human body and interact with living cells • Stopped by lead, concrete, and other dense materials

50. Measuring/Monitoring RAD - radiation absorbed dose REM - roentgen equivalent man mrad/hr, rad/hr or mrem/hr, rem/hr What measuring devices do you have? Protection Time Distance Shielding As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) Radiological Toxicology