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Supplement I - Measuring Output Rates

Supplement I - Measuring Output Rates. Work Standards. Establishing prices and costs Motivating workers Comparing alternative process designs Scheduling Capacity planning Performance appraisal. Time Study Method. Packaging Coffee Cups. Packaging Coffee Cups.

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Supplement I - Measuring Output Rates

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  1. Supplement I -Measuring Output Rates

  2. Work Standards • Establishing prices and costs • Motivating workers • Comparing alternative process designs • Scheduling • Capacity planning • Performance appraisal

  3. Time Study Method Packaging Coffee Cups

  4. Packaging Coffee Cups Step 1: Selecting Work Elements Example I.1

  5. Step 1: Selecting Work Elements Work Element 1. Get two cartons 2. Put liner in carton 3. Place cups in carton 4. Seal carton and set aside Packaging Coffee Cups Example I.1

  6. Step 2: Timing the Elements Standard Select Deviation,  Time, t Work Element (minutes) (minutes) 1. Get two cartons 2. Put liner in carton 3. Place cups in carton 4. Seal carton and set aside Packaging Coffee Cups Example I.1

  7. Step 2: Timing the Elements (10 observations) Standard Select Deviation,  Time, t Work Element (minutes) (minutes) 1. Get two cartons 0.0305 0.50 2. Put liner in carton 0.0171 0.11 3. Place cups in carton 0.0226 0.71 4. Seal carton and set aside 0.0241 1.10 Packaging Coffee Cups Example I.1

  8. Step 3: Determining the Sample Size Standard Select Required Deviation,  Time, t Sample Work Element (minutes) (minutes) Size 1. Get two cartons 0.0305 0.50 2. Put liner in carton 0.0171 0.11 3. Place cups in carton 0.0226 0.71 4. Seal carton and set aside 0.0241 1.10 n = [( )( )] z p t 2 Packaging Coffee Cups Example I.1

  9. Desired Confidence (%) z 90 1.65 95 1.96 96 2.05 97 2.17 98 2.33 99 2.58 Standard Select Required Deviation,  Time, t Sample Work Element (minutes) (minutes) Size 1. Get two cartons 0.0305 0.50 2. Put liner in carton 0.0171 0.11 3. Place cups in carton 0.0226 0.71 4. Seal carton and set aside 0.0241 1.10 n = [( )( )] z p t 2 Packaging Coffee Cups Step 3: Determining the Sample Size Example I.1

  10. Desired Confidence (%) z 90 1.65 95 1.96 96 2.05 97 2.17 98 2.33 99 2.58 Standard Select Required Deviation,  Time, t Sample Work Element (minutes) (minutes) Size 1. Get two cartons 0.0305 0.50 2. Put liner in carton 0.0171 0.11 3. Place cups in carton 0.0226 0.71 4. Seal carton and set aside 0.0241 1.10 n = [( )( )] 1.96 0.04 t 2 Packaging Coffee Cups Step 3: Determining the Sample Size Example I.1

  11. Step 3: Determining the Sample Size Standard Select Required Deviation,  Time, t Sample Work Element (minutes) (minutes) Size 1. Get two cartons 0.0305 0.50 2. Put liner in carton 0.0171 0.11 3. Place cups in carton 0.0226 0.71 4. Seal carton and set aside 0.0241 1.10 n = [( )( )] 1.96 0.04 t 2 Packaging Coffee Cups Example I.1

  12. Step 3: Determining the Sample Size Standard Select Required Deviation,  Time, t Sample Work Element (minutes) (minutes) Size 1. Get two cartons 0.0305 0.50 2. Put liner in carton 0.0171 0.11 3. Place cups in carton 0.0226 0.71 4. Seal carton and set aside 0.0241 1.10 n = [( )( )] 1.96 0.04 t 2 Packaging Coffee Cups Example I.1

  13. Step 3: Determining the Sample Size Standard Select Required Deviation,  Time, t Sample Work Element (minutes) (minutes) Size 1. Get two cartons 0.0305 0.50 2. Put liner in carton 0.0171 0.11 3. Place cups in carton 0.0226 0.71 4. Seal carton and set aside 0.0241 1.10 n = [( )( )] 1.96 0.0305 0.04 0.500 2 Packaging Coffee Cups Example I.1

  14. Step 3: Determining the Sample Size Standard Select Required Deviation,  Time, t Sample Work Element (minutes) (minutes) Size 1. Get two cartons 0.0305 0.50 2. Put liner in carton 0.0171 0.11 3. Place cups in carton 0.0226 0.71 4. Seal carton and set aside 0.0241 1.10 n = 9 Packaging Coffee Cups Example I.1

  15. Step 3: Determining the Sample Size Standard Select Required Deviation,  Time, t Sample Work Element (minutes) (minutes) Size 1. Get two cartons 0.0305 0.50 9 2. Put liner in carton 0.0171 0.11 3. Place cups in carton 0.0226 0.71 4. Seal carton and set aside 0.0241 1.10 n = 9 Packaging Coffee Cups Example I.1

  16. Step 3: Determining the Sample Size Standard Select Required Deviation,  Time, t Sample Work Element (minutes) (minutes) Size 1. Get two cartons 0.0305 0.50 9 2. Put liner in carton 0.0171 0.11 3. Place cups in carton 0.0226 0.71 4. Seal carton and set aside 0.0241 1.10 n = 9 Packaging Coffee Cups Example I.1

  17. Step 3: Determining the Sample Size Standard Select Required Deviation,  Time, t Sample Work Element (minutes) (minutes) Size 1. Get two cartons 0.0305 0.50 9 2. Put liner in carton 0.0171 0.11 3. Place cups in carton 0.0226 0.71 4. Seal carton and set aside 0.0241 1.10 n = [( )( )] 1.96 0.04 t 2 Packaging Coffee Cups Example I.1

  18. Step 3: Determining the Sample Size Standard Select Required Deviation,  Time, t Sample Work Element (minutes) (minutes) Size 1. Get two cartons 0.0305 0.50 9 2. Put liner in carton 0.0171 0.11 58 3. Place cups in carton 0.0226 0.71 4. Seal carton and set aside 0.0241 1.10 n = [( )( )] 1.96 0.04 t 2 Packaging Coffee Cups Example I.1

  19. Step 3: Determining the Sample Size Standard Select Required Deviation,  Time, t Sample Work Element (minutes) (minutes) Size 1. Get two cartons 0.0305 0.50 9 2. Put liner in carton 0.0171 0.11 58 3. Place cups in carton 0.0226 0.71 3 4. Seal carton and set aside 0.0241 1.10 n = [( )( )] 1.96 0.04 t 2 Packaging Coffee Cups Example I.1

  20. Step 3: Determining the Sample Size Standard Select Required Deviation,  Time, t Sample Work Element (minutes) (minutes) Size 1. Get two cartons 0.0305 0.50 9 2. Put liner in carton 0.0171 0.11 58 3. Place cups in carton 0.0226 0.71 3 4. Seal carton and set aside 0.0241 1.10 2 n = [( )( )] 1.96 0.04 t 2 Packaging Coffee Cups Example I.1

  21. Step 3: Determining the Sample Size Standard Select Required Deviation,  Time, t Sample Work Element (minutes) (minutes) Size 1. Get two cartons 0.0305 0.50 9 2. Put liner in carton 0.0171 0.11 58 3. Place cups in carton 0.0226 0.71 3 4. Seal carton and set aside 0.0241 1.10 2 Packaging Coffee Cups Example I.1

  22. Step 4: Setting the Standard Work Element t FRFNT 1. Get two cartons 2. Put liner in carton 3. Place cups in carton 4. Seal carton and set aside Packaging Coffee Cups Example I.2

  23. Step 4: Setting the Standard (after 48 additional observations) Work Element t FRFNT 1. Get two cartons 0.53 0.50 1.05 2. Put liner in carton 0.10 1.00 0.95 3. Place cups in carton 0.75 1.00 1.10 4. Seal carton and set aside 1.08 1.00 0.90 NT = t (F)(RF) Packaging Coffee Cups Example I.2

  24. Step 4: Setting the Standard (after 48 additional observations) Work Element t FRFNT 1. Get two cartons 0.53 0.50 1.05 2. Put liner in carton 0.10 1.00 0.95 3. Place cups in carton 0.75 1.00 1.10 4. Seal carton and set aside 1.08 1.00 0.90 NT = t (F)(RF) Packaging Coffee Cups Example I.2

  25. Step 4: Setting the Standard (after 48 additional observations) Work Element t FRFNT 1. Get two cartons 0.53 0.50 1.05 2. Put liner in carton 0.10 1.00 0.95 3. Place cups in carton 0.75 1.00 1.10 4. Seal carton and set aside 1.08 1.00 0.90 NT = 0.53(0.50)(1.05) Packaging Coffee Cups Example I.2

  26. Step 4: Setting the Standard (after 48 additional observations) Work Element t FRFNT 1. Get two cartons 0.53 0.50 1.05 2. Put liner in carton 0.10 1.00 0.95 3. Place cups in carton 0.75 1.00 1.10 4. Seal carton and set aside 1.08 1.00 0.90 NT = 0.53(0.50)(1.05) Packaging Coffee Cups Example I.2

  27. Step 4: Setting the Standard (after 48 additional observations) Work Element t FRFNT 1. Get two cartons 0.53 0.50 1.05 0.28 2. Put liner in carton 0.10 1.00 0.95 3. Place cups in carton 0.75 1.00 1.10 4. Seal carton and set aside 1.08 1.00 0.90 NT = 0.53(0.50)(1.05) = 0.28 minute Packaging Coffee Cups Example I.2

  28. Step 4: Setting the Standard (after 48 additional observations) Work Element t FRFNT 1. Get two cartons 0.53 0.50 1.05 0.28 2. Put liner in carton 0.10 1.00 0.95 3. Place cups in carton 0.75 1.00 1.10 4. Seal carton and set aside 1.08 1.00 0.90 NT = t (F)(RF) Packaging Coffee Cups Example I.2

  29. Step 4: Setting the Standard (after 48 additional observations) Work Element t FRFNT 1. Get two cartons 0.53 0.50 1.05 0.28 2. Put liner in carton 0.10 1.00 0.95 0.10 3. Place cups in carton 0.75 1.00 1.10 4. Seal carton and set aside 1.08 1.00 0.90 NT = t (F)(RF) Packaging Coffee Cups Example I.2

  30. Step 4: Setting the Standard (after 48 additional observations) Work Element t FRFNT 1. Get two cartons 0.53 0.50 1.05 0.28 2. Put liner in carton 0.10 1.00 0.95 0.10 3. Place cups in carton 0.75 1.00 1.10 0.83 4. Seal carton and set aside 1.08 1.00 0.90 NT = t (F)(RF) Packaging Coffee Cups Example I.2

  31. Step 4: Setting the Standard (after 48 additional observations) Work Element t FRFNT 1. Get two cartons 0.53 0.50 1.05 0.28 2. Put liner in carton 0.10 1.00 0.95 0.10 3. Place cups in carton 0.75 1.00 1.10 0.83 4. Seal carton and set aside 1.08 1.00 0.90 0.97 NT = t (F)(RF) Packaging Coffee Cups Example I.2

  32. Step 4: Setting the Standard (after 48 additional observations) Work Element t FRFNT 1. Get two cartons 0.53 0.50 1.05 0.28 2. Put liner in carton 0.10 1.00 0.95 0.10 3. Place cups in carton 0.75 1.00 1.10 0.83 4. Seal carton and set aside 1.08 1.00 0.90 0.97 Total 2.18 NT = t (F)(RF) NTC = NT Packaging Coffee Cups Example I.2

  33. Step 4: Setting the Standard (after 48 additional observations) Work Element t FRFNT 1. Get two cartons 0.53 0.50 1.05 0.28 2. Put liner in carton 0.10 1.00 0.95 0.10 3. Place cups in carton 0.75 1.00 1.10 0.83 4. Seal carton and set aside 1.08 1.00 0.90 0.97 Total 2.18 NT = t (F)(RF) NTC = NT Packaging Coffee Cups Example I.2

  34. Step 4: Setting the Standard (after 48 additional observations) Work Element t FRFNT 1. Get two cartons 0.53 0.50 1.05 0.28 2. Put liner in carton 0.10 1.00 0.95 0.10 3. Place cups in carton 0.75 1.00 1.10 0.83 4. Seal carton and set aside 1.08 1.00 0.90 0.97 Total 2.18 ST = NTC (1 + A) Packaging Coffee Cups Example I.3

  35. Step 4: Setting the Standard (after 48 additional observations) Work Element t FRFNT 1. Get two cartons 0.53 0.50 1.05 0.28 2. Put liner in carton 0.10 1.00 0.95 0.10 3. Place cups in carton 0.75 1.00 1.10 0.83 4. Seal carton and set aside 1.08 1.00 0.90 0.97 Allowance (A) = 15% Total 2.18 ST = NTC (1 + A) Packaging Coffee Cups Example I.3

  36. Step 4: Setting the Standard (after 48 additional observations) Work Element t FRFNT 1. Get two cartons 0.53 0.50 1.05 0.28 2. Put liner in carton 0.10 1.00 0.95 0.10 3. Place cups in carton 0.75 1.00 1.10 0.83 4. Seal carton and set aside 1.08 1.00 0.90 0.97 Allowance (A) = 15% Total 2.18 ST = 2.18 (1 + 0.15) Packaging Coffee Cups Example I.3

  37. Step 4: Setting the Standard (after 48 additional observations) Work Element t FRFNT 1. Get two cartons 0.53 0.50 1.05 0.28 2. Put liner in carton 0.10 1.00 0.95 0.10 3. Place cups in carton 0.75 1.00 1.10 0.83 4. Seal carton and set aside 1.08 1.00 0.90 0.97 Allowance (A) = 15% Total 2.18 ST = 2.18 (1 + 0.15) = 2.51 minutes/carton Packaging Coffee Cups Example I.3

  38. Step 4: Setting the Standard (after 48 additional observations) Work Element t FRFNT 1. Get two cartons 0.53 0.50 1.05 0.28 2. Put liner in carton 0.10 1.00 0.95 0.10 3. Place cups in carton 0.75 1.00 1.10 0.83 4. Seal carton and set aside 1.08 1.00 0.90 0.97 Allowance (A) = 15% Total 2.18 Standard Time 2.51 ST = 2.18 (1 + 0.15) = 2.51 minutes/carton Packaging Coffee Cups Example I.3

  39. Step 4: Setting the Standard (after 48 additional observations) Work Element t FRFNT 1. Get two cartons 0.53 0.50 1.05 0.28 2. Put liner in carton 0.10 1.00 0.95 0.10 3. Place cups in carton 0.75 1.00 1.10 0.83 4. Seal carton and set aside 1.08 1.00 0.90 0.97 Allowance (A) = 15% Total 2.18 Standard Time 2.51 Packaging Coffee Cups Example I.3

  40. Step 4: Setting the Standard (after 48 additional observations) Work Element t FRFNT 1. Get two cartons 0.53 0.50 1.05 0.28 2. Put liner in carton 0.10 1.00 0.95 0.10 3. Place cups in carton 0.75 1.00 1.10 0.83 4. Seal carton and set aside 1.08 1.00 0.90 0.97 Allowance (A) = 15% Total 2.18 Standard Time 2.51 480 minutes/day 2.51 minutes/carton = 191 cartons/day Packaging Coffee Cups Example I.3

  41. Predetermined Data

  42. Time TMU Wt. Allowance Distance Hand in Static Moved Motion Wt. (lb) Dynamic Constant (in.) A B C B Up to Factor (TMU) 3/4 or less 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.7 1 2.5 2.9 3.4 2.3 2.5 1.00 0 2 3.6 4.6 5.2 2.9 3 4.9 5.7 6.7 3.6 7.5 1.06 2.2 4 6.1 6.9 8.0 4.3 5 7.3 8.0 9.2 5.0 12.5 1.11 3.9 6 8.1 8.9 10.3 5.7 7 8.9 9.7 11.1 6.5 17.5 1.17 5.6 8 9.7 10.6 11.8 7.2 9 10.5 11.5 12.7 7.9 22.5 1.22 7.4 Predetermined Data Table I.1

  43. Time TMU Wt. Allowance Distance Hand in Static Moved Motion Wt. (lb) Dynamic Constant (in.) A B C B Up to Factor (TMU) 3/4 or less 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.7 1 2.5 2.9 3.4 2.3 2.5 1.00 0 2 3.6 4.6 5.2 2.9 3 4.9 5.7 6.7 3.6 7.5 1.06 2.2 4 6.1 6.9 8.0 4.3 5 7.3 8.0 9.2 5.0 12.5 1.11 3.9 6 8.1 8.9 10.3 5.7 7 8.9 9.7 11.1 6.5 17.5 1.17 5.6 8 9.7 10.6 11.8 7.2 9 10.5 11.5 12.7 7.9 22.5 1.22 7.4 Case and Description A Move object to other hand or against stop. B Move object to approximate or indefinite location. C Move object to exact location. Predetermined Data Table I.1

  44. Time TMU Wt. Allowance Distance Hand in Static Moved Motion Wt. (lb) Dynamic Constant (in.) A B C B Up to Factor (TMU) 3/4 or less 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.7 1 2.5 2.9 3.4 2.3 2.5 1.00 0 2 3.6 4.6 5.2 2.9 3 4.9 5.7 6.7 3.6 7.5 1.06 2.2 4 6.1 6.9 8.0 4.3 5 7.3 8.0 9.2 5.0 12.5 1.11 3.9 6 8.1 8.9 10.3 5.7 7 8.9 9.7 11.1 6.5 17.5 1.17 5.6 8 9.7 10.6 11.8 7.2 9 10.5 11.5 12.7 7.9 22.5 1.22 7.4 Predetermined Data Table I.1

  45. Work Sampling Procedure Nurses Accessing Records

  46. Nurses Accessing Records Determining the Sample Size

  47. Determining the Sample Size ^ ^ p(1 – p) n e = z Probability that true proportion will fall within confidence interval ^ ^ ^ p – e p p + e Confidence interval Nurses Accessing Records Figure I.1

  48. Nurses Accessing Records Determining the Sample Size

  49. Determining the Sample Size Time spent accessing records RN 0.20 LVN 0.05 Maximum error ±0.03 Confidence level 95%  z 2 e ^ ^ n = p(1 – p) Nurses Accessing Records Example I.4

  50. Determining the Sample Size Time spent accessing records RN 0.20 LVN 0.05 Maximum error ±0.03 Confidence level 95%  1.96 2 0.03 n = (0.20)(0.80) Nurses Accessing Records Example I.4

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