What is Coccydynia?

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2. What is Coccydynia? Introduction:-Coccydynia is the term used to refer to the pain in the lower back region in the tail bone which is also called coccyx bone. The coccyx bone is the last part of the vertebral column also called the tailbone. This bone provides insertion sites for multiple muscles, ligaments, and tendons and also provides weight-bearing support to a person in a seated position. It is observed that the condition may affect individuals at any age but is more commonly observed in adolescence and adults people. Women are more likely to develop coccydynia compare to men. Causes:- The main cause of this defect is due to external or internal trauma. External trauma is usually caused due to backward fall, leading to dislocation or broken coccyx. Non-traumatic coccydynia can result from several causes which include hypermobility or hypomobility of the sacrococcygeal joint, degenerative joints, or disc disease, coccydynia can often be caused Due to obesity, and repetitive strains that can be caused while cycling rowing or any of the repetitive exercises.

3. The Other underlying reasons for the coccydynia seems in the patients suffering from obesity or the patient who has prolonged sitting on the hard, or uncomfortable surface in their daily routine. Symptoms:- Classic symptoms of coccydynia are localized pain just above the buttocks, The pain may be dull or ancy and seems to become worst with prolonged sitting, prolonged standing, and also when the patient moves from sitting to a standing position. 

4. More symptoms include pain during the bowel movements, pain during sexual intercourse.  Diagnosis:- A physical examination will reveal tenderness over the coccyx. The rectal examination allows the coccyx to be grasped between the four-finger and thumbs. Manipulation with elicit pain and may reveal hypermobility and hypomobility of the sacrococcygeal joint. Radiography images can more accurately diagnose the presence of fracture, degradative changes, or masses. Imaging techniques such as Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, or x-ray can diagnose this defect more accurately.

5. Treatment:- The main goal of the coccydynia treatment is to reduce the pain of the tailbone by cutting off the pressure on it. There are multiple conventional treatments available for coccydynia. This defect can easily be resolved without medical treatment and in most cases, simple measures are sufficient to overcome this defect. Using a wedge-shaped cushion also known as a coccygeal cushion can reduce the pressure on the coccyx while the patient is sitting on his counter. Instructing the patient to adopt proper sitting posture which will become helpful to overcome this defect. In some cases, the application of heat and cold over the pain spot can also give relief to the patient. If this convention treatment does not work then we can go for pelvic floor rehabilitation which is helpful for coccydynia that is associated with pelvic floor muscle spasms. Also, manual manipulation and regular massage can help to reduce associated muscle spasms or ligament pain. Surgical procedure for the treatment of coccydynia is used if there is no other option and also the other treatment get failed. A coccygectomy is the surgical amputation of the coccyx just proximal to the sacrococcygeal junction, but the method is associated with a high complication rate and failure in reducing the pain.

6. Conclusion:-Coccydynia is a common condition that is self-limited and mild in the majority of cases. Conventional techniques such as a change in sitting position, use of pillow, regular massage, stretching, and adopting a healthy lifestyle in a daily routine. Patients can also take NSAIDs for instant relief from the pain. Surgical coccygectomy generally is not recommended due to its low success rate. More research is needed in this area before its efficiency can be established.

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