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Ali can’t play basketball because he is short . Ali can’t play basketball, for he is short . Ali can’t play basketball since he is short . Ali can’t play basketball as he is short . Ali can’t play basketball because of his height . The plane couldn’t land because the weather was bad .
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Ali can’t play basketball becauseheisshort. Ali can’t play basketball, forheisshort. Ali can’t play basketball sinceheisshort. Ali can’t play basketball asheisshort. Ali can’t play basketball because ofhis height. The plane couldn’t land becausethe weatherwasbad. The plane couldn’t land, forthe weatherwasbad. The plane couldn’t land sincethe weatherwasbad. The plane couldn’t land asthe weatherwasbad. The plane couldn’t land because ofthe bad weather.
Keepthe door closed: kapıyı kapalıtut Keepyour room tidy: odanı düzenlitut Keepsmall objects out of reach Küçük nesneleriulaşılamayacak bir yerde tut
Keep your room tidy. DON’T keep your room untidy. Keep your feet hot. DON’T keep your feet cold. Youmust keepyour roomtidy. Odanı düzenlitutmalısın. Youmust keepyour feethot. Ayaklarınısıcaktutmalısın.
Youmustn’t smoke. Youmustn’t feedanimalsin the zoo. Youmustn’t telllies. Youmustn’t drivewithouta licence.
May Might Could should N o w Verb1 P R E S E N T May have Might have Could have Should have Verb3 P A S T YESTERDAY
Past tense / GEÇMİŞ ZAMAN Ali got a low mark. Hemight NOT have studied his lesson. Hemay NOT have studied his lesson. Hecould NOT have studied his lesson. The studentwas crying. He mighthave injured himself. Past tense/GEÇMİŞ ZAMAN
Theydidn’t eatthe meat. Itwastoo salty. Sheshould have putLESS SALTon it.
Türkanhas not feltherselfwellfor an hour. Shemay eatsomethingpoisonous. Zehirlibir şeyyiyebilir. Sheshould have eatensomethingpoisonous. Zehirlibir şeyyemeliydi. (ama yemedi) Shewill have eatensomethingpoisonous. Zehirlibir şeyyemiş olacak. Shemight have eatensomethingpoisonous. Zehirlibir şeyyemiş olabilir.
Sleep Don’t sleep Never sleep Smoke Don’t smoke Never smoke Be rude Don’t be rude Never be rude Work Don’t work NEVER work Learn Don’t learn Never learn Drive fast Don’t drive fast Never drive fast
As While Just as - İken PAST CONTINUOUS Astheywere leaving, Whiletheywere leaving, Justastheywere leaving, WHENtheyleft, WHEN + SIMPLEPAST
U S E D TO + V1 Heused to run HeDIDnot USE to run. DIDheUSE to run? Koşardı. Koşmazdı. Koşar mıydı?
Have somebody do something Birisinden bir şey yapmasını RİCA etmek Make somebody do something Birisine ZORLA bir şey yaptırmak Do: yapmak Force: zorlamak
As: çünkü So: bu yüzden Therefore: bu yüzden Just as: -iken, (while)
Can do: yapabilir Can BE done: yapıLabilir Can love: sevebilir Can BE loved: seviLebilir Can wash: yıkayabilir Can BE washed: yıkaNabilir Can solve: çözebilir Can BE solved: çözÜLebilir
Eski alışkanlıklarımızı anlatmak için USED TO V1 yapısını kullanırız. Heused to drinkmilk. Iused to livein Karabük. Weused to eatjunk food. Theyused to usetypewriters.
getsomebodyto do something “ikna” Makesomebodydo something “zorla” Getyour childto sleep Makeyour childsleep Çocuğunu uyut “ikna ederek” Çocuğunu uyut “zorla”
How often: Hangi sıklıkta, ne kadar sık Always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never Once, twice, three timeS, four timeS Oncea day Twicea week Three timesa month Three hoursa night
How oftendoyougoto the cinema? (always) I always go to the cinema. Ialwaysgoto the cinema. How oftendoyougoto the cinema? (once a week) I go to the cinema once a week. I goto the cinemaonce a week.
The bodyneedS to rest. Weneed to understandeach other Weneed to drinkenough water.
Was surfing now is surfing At this time yesterday Sörf yapıYORdu PAST CONTINUOUS Had been surfing now P a s t PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Action FINISHED PRESENT PERFECT Has surfed now Action CONTINUING or finished Has been surfing now P a s t PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
carry out (v): uygula, yap Can carry: uygulayabilir, yapabilir CanBE carried: uygulaNabilir, yapILabilir Will carry out: uygulayacak, yapacak Willbe CARRied OUT: uygulaNacak, yapILacak Must carry out: uygulamak zorunda, yapmak zorunda MustBE carrIED out: uygulaNmak zorunda yapILmak zorunda
Scientists………………………………… (work) for ages. I ……………………………………. (teach) English for 19 years. She …………………………(prepared) the meal. It smells delicious. We …………………………….. (read) two books recently. Ali ………………………….. (eat) ten apples so far. have been working have been teaching has prepared have read has eaten
For the past five years 5 4 3 2 1 for
Can do: yapabilir Must do: yapmak zorunda Musthave done: (kesinlikle) yapmışolmalı Could have done: (zayıf olasılık) yapmışolabilir
Therefore THUS so bu yüzden, bu sebeple He didn’t study. Therefore, hefailed. He didn’t study, sohefailed. He didn’t study; THUShefailed.
There is no electricity. Thereforewecan’t watchtv. There is no electricity, sowecan’t watchtv. There is no electricity; THUSwecan’t watchtv.
Sinceheisfat, he can’t run fast. Asheisfat, he can’t run fast. He can’t run fast becauseheisfat. He can’t run fast,forheisfat. Since As Because for sentence