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Dimensions in Elderly Mobility Behaviour as a Basis for Target Group Specific Mobility Services. Sonja Haustein ILS – Institut für Landes- und Stadtentwicklungsforschung GmbH Ruhr-Universität Bochum (RUB) Marcel Hunecke RUB, Germany Herbert Kemming ILS, Germany. Outline. Background
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Dimensions in Elderly Mobility Behaviour as a Basis for Target Group Specific Mobility Services Sonja Haustein ILS – Institut für Landes- und Stadtentwicklungsforschung GmbH Ruhr-Universität Bochum (RUB) Marcel Hunecke RUB, Germany Herbert Kemming ILS, Germany
Outline • Background • Segmentation approach • Description of the segments of the elderly • Target group specific measures • Conclusions
Background • populations of western world are aging • by 2030 almost every third European will be 60 years or older (United Nations, 2007) • affects almost every aspect of our lives incl. transport sector • today mobility rates and car use of the elderly are smaller than the ones of younger individuals but • mobility rates and private car use of older people expected to increase due to lifestyle changes and growing car availability • decreasing number of captive riders of public transport • negative environmental and safety implications e.g. Rosenbloom (2001). Sustainability and automobility among the elderly: an international assessment. Transportation, 28(4), 375-408.
Consequences • measures required that offer more environmentally-friendly alternatives to the private car, still meeting mobility and accessibility needs • mobility needs and requirements of the elderly have been research in the last years (e.g. EU projects MOBILATE, SIZE) but • most results refer to the whole group of the elderly however • seniors are a heterogeneous group with differentiating life styles, needs and requirements1 • need for a more differentiated approach 1BASt & DVR (2000). More road safety for senior citizens. European Conference, 2-4 May, 2000, Cologne. Bremerhaven: Wirtschaftsverlag NW.
Evaluation of different approaches • different kind of segmentation approaches have specific pros and cons and are relevant for different fields of application1 • not applied for the group of seniors until now: segmentation approach that regards mobility-related attitudes • advantages1: • higher relation to mobility behaviour than life styles and socio-demographic types • offer better starting points for interventions than behaviour based and socio-demographic approaches 1Hunecke, Haustein, Böhler, & Grischkat (in press). An attitude based target group approach to reduce the ecological impact of daily mobility behavior. Environment & Behavior.
Data base1 • standardised interviews • 557 individuals (51% m., 49% f.) • aged 60-80 • three district types in three big German cities: city-centre, city border, suburban district • face-to-face interviews (~one hour) • content • mobility behaviour to explain mobility behaviour: • mobility-related attitudes, norms • socio-demographic data • infrastructural data 1Sub-sample of data form research project MOBILANZ supported by Federal Ministry of Education and Research (cf. Hunecke, Haustein, Grischkat, & Böhler, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 27, 277-292.
Segmentation process 1. step:factoranalysis to develop reliable scales 2. step:regression analyses to identify the most important determinants of mobility behaviour of the elderly 3. step:cluster analyses to identify segments of elderly based on the most relevant determinants of mobility behaviour
First step: Development of reliable scales Psychological scales 1Conbach’s α
Second step: Identification of relevant determinants of mobility behaviour Regression analyses (2 out of 5)
Regression analyses (2 out of 5) Second step: Identification of relevant determinants of mobility behaviour 11 / 19
Third step: Identification of segments of the elderly Cluster centres
Conclusions • Mobility management for the elderly has to recognise the heterogeneous requirements and attitudes of this group. • The presented approach defines relevant subgroups, which can serve as target groups for specific measures. • Segments’ mobility behaviour cannot be explained by socio-demographic and infrastructural differences alone but also requires the consideration of mobility-related attitudes. • Car availability is not necessarily required for a high amount of leisure time mobility if access to PT is available: • three segments with the highest amount of leisure time activities show above average shares of eco-friendly modes (foot, bike, or public transport); none of them uses the car above-average • good public transport service can help to enhance mobility of older people and contribute to a high quality of life
Thanks for your attention! Sonja Haustein ILS – Institut für Landes- und Stadtentwicklungsforschung GmbH sonja.haustein@ils.nrw.de http://www.ils.nrw.de/ Ruhr-Universität Bochum Workgroup for Environmental and Cognitive Psychology sonja.haustein@rub.de http://eco.psy.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/