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The Judicial Branch

The Judicial Branch. Supreme Court Timeline. Vernonia vs. Acton 1995 Court weighs in on whether H.S. athletes should be subject to random drug testing. Brown vs. Board of Education 1954 Should public schools be allowed to segregate by race?. New Jersey vs. TLO

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The Judicial Branch

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  1. The Judicial Branch

  2. Supreme Court Timeline Vernonia vs. Acton 1995 Court weighs in on whether H.S. athletes should be subject to random drug testing Brown vs. Board of Education 1954 Should public schools be allowed to segregate by race? New Jersey vs. TLO 1985Search and seizure provisions for students 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 Tinker vs. Des Moines 1969Freedom of expression is threatened as students are disciplined for wearing anti-war arm bands Hazelwood vs. Kulhmeier 1988Students oppose censorship of the school newspaper

  3. Brown versus Board of Education Question: Does the segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race deprive the minority children of equal protection of laws guaranteed by the 14th Amendment? Yes. Despite the equalization of the schools by “objective” factors, intangible issues foster and maintain inequality. Racial segregation in public education has a detrimental effect on minority children because it is interpreted as a sign of inferiority. Unanimous opinion by the court. BACK

  4. Tinker vs. Des Moines Question: Does a prohibition against the wearing of armbands in public school, as a form of symbolic protest, violate the First Amendment’s freedom of speech protections? Yes. Justices upheld Tinker’s right to wear armbands on the grounds that armbands are akin to “pure speech” and entitled to comprehensive protection under the First Amendment. Justices of dissenting opinion stressed that local authorities should handle the issues, and no court should make such decisions. BACK

  5. New Jersey vs. T.L.O Does searching a students personal belongings on school ground violate the Fourth and Amendment Right? No. The decision for the student was reversed! The Fourth Amendment applies only to unreasonable searches, but school officials need not have a warrant before searching a student under their authority. Two justices however issued a partial dissent (partial disagreement) BACK

  6. Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier Question: Does censorship of student written articles infringe upon first amendment rights? No. Supreme Court reversed in favor of the school district. They held that a school newspaper was not a forum for public expression and that educators were entitled to exercise control over all school-sponsored publications. Three justices in dissent argued that 1st Amendment rights had been infringed upon. BACK

  7. Vernonia School District v. Acton Question: Does random drug testing of high school athletes violate the reasonable search and seizure clause of the Fourth Amendment? No. The reasonableness of a search is judged by “balancing the intrusion on the individual's Fourth Amendment interests against the promotion of legitimate governmental interests.” In the case of high school athletes who are under state supervision during school hours, they are subject to greater control that over free adults. BACK

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