5 th Grade Earth Science

1. 5th Grade Earth Science Chapter 7 Water on Earth

2. The Hydrosphere • All water on the surface of the Earth make up the _____________. • 97% of the hydrosphere is made up of _______ water. • 3% comes from rivers, streams, ponds, and creeks - ________ • The hydrosphere covers approximately ___ or ____ of the Earth’s surface. Hydrosphere ocean freshwater ¾ 75%

3. Oceans from largest to smallest • 1. __________ - and deepest • 2. __________ • 3. __________ • 4. __________ Oceans are all ________. They vary in _______, ___________, and _________. Pacific Ocean Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean Arctic Ocean connected salinity temperature Sea levels

4. Earth Spheres

5. Salinity • Oceans get salt from _____ - salt is carried to oceans from the rocks and soil in river beds. • ________________ - common table salt makes up most of the salt in ocean water. • _____ - a measure of how salty the water is • Salinity varies from place to place in oceans • When water is evaporated in oceans – the salt is left behind – therefore salinity is _______ in shallow waters because the __________ rate is higher. rivers NaCl – sodium chloride salinity greater evaporation

6. Salt water and density • A liter of cold water with a high salinity is ______ than a liter of water that is either warmer or has a lower salinity. • ______ in the oceans are caused by ________water sinking under ___________. • Currents on the oceans surfaces are caused by _____ heavier currents Warmer water Cold salty winds

7. Temperature • Ocean water near the _________ is warmer than water near the ____. • _______ can carry warm water towards the poles and cold water towards the equator • _________is a current that carries warm water from the Caribbean sea to the North Atlantic Ocean. • ___________ is a current that carries cold water southward along the coast equator poles currents Gulf Stream California current

8. Where is fresh water found? • ___________ is water used for drinking, cooking, and cleaning. • Fresh water has some dissolved _____ but much less than seawater. • Fresh water comes from _____ or _____ • Some water falling to the ground in the form of ____________ seeps into the ground and becomes _________, other water collects in rivers and lakes Fresh water salts rain snow precipitation Groundwater

9. Groundwater • __________ - rain or melted snow that soaks into the ground. • Groundwater fills spaces between rocks and soil • Groundwater sinks until it reaches a layer of rock or clay that it cannot move through. _______ - the layer of rock or soil that groundwater occupies ___________ - top level of groundwater in an aquifer. groundwater aquifer Water table

10. Water Table • The level of the water table ______ when water is added by rain or snow melt • The level of the water table will ________ during a drought. • _______ - people get their water from an aquifer. • Wells can become dry if we pump water out of an _______ faster than it can be replaced rises decline wells aquifer

11. Groundwater / Water table

12. Assessments • 1. How much of Earth is covered with water? • 2. What is salinity? • 3. What causes some ocean water to have a higher salinity than other ocean waters? • 4. how is freshwater different from ocean water?

13. Surface Waters • Surface waters include: • __________ • __________ • __________ Surface waters are formed from: __________ __________ ___________ rivers lakes streams Melting snow Rain water groundwater

14. Water Flow • Water from rain and snow melt always flows in a __________ direction. • Water from precipitation flows downward into small ______. • Streams flow into larger streams and _______. • ___________ also seeps into rivers. • _____ - form when water collects in a low spot • ________ - an artificial lake that forms behind a dam. downward streams rivers groundwater lakes reservoir

15. Ice • ____ of the Earth’s fresh water is frozen into ice • _________ and __________ form when each year’s snowfall is greater than the amount that melts. • When glaciers and ice sheets reach the ocean, large pieces of ice can break off - ________ • When ocean water freezes, the resulting ice is not salty – the salt is pushed out of the ice crystals as they form. 7/10 glaciers Ice sheets Ice bergs

16. Pollution • Some people get their water from ___________ • Some towns get their water from ___________ - surface water might have harmful bacteria • Water can easily dissolve materials - _______ from fields, parking lots, and lawns contaminate surface and groundwater. groundwater Surface water pollution

17. Water Treatment • 1. water is pumped to a _____________ - pumped from wells at the bottom of lakes, reservoirs, or other collecting areas • 2. __________ are added to the water to attract dirt particles. • 3. _______ sink to the bottom of a tank • 4. The water passes through _____ - sand and gravel • 5. chemicals such as chlorine are added to the water to kill _______ Treatment plant chemicals particles filters bacteria

18. Pine Creek / Squaw Run Watershed

19. http://pinecreekwpa.org/?page_id=44

20. What is the Water Cycle? • Water can take the form of a ________, ________, or _____ • __________ - water in the form of a gas • Water vapor particles are in _____________ • _____________ - the pressure of the gas particles against another object. • Air pressure __________ as you move _______ into the atmosphere solid liquid gas Water vapor Constant motion Air pressure decreases higher

21. Water Cycle • ___________ - the constant movement of water through the environment in different forms. • Steps of the water cycle • _____________ • _____________ • ______________ • ______________ Water cycle evaporation condensation precipitation runoff

22. Water cycle can be affected by….. 1. _______________ 2. _______________ 3. _______________ 4. ________________ _________ - changing of liquid to water vapor _________ - water vapor turns to liquid – water droplets in ______ or _____ temperature pressure wind Elevation of land Evaporation Condensation clouds dew

23. Water Cycle Continued • _____________ - water falls from clouds as rain, snow, sleet, or hail. • __________ - ice changing into __________ without first melting • ____ - forms when water vapor turns t ice crystals • _____________ - drives the water cycle – melting, evaporation, and sublimation Precipitation Sublimation Water vapor frost Energy from the sun

24. Energy in the Water Cycle • Energy is needed to raise ___________ to the clouds and move it by ____. • Energy is __________ when water vapor _________ into liquid • Water is used by plants during ____________ and animals need water for survival. • Organisms produce water during __________ Water vapor wind released condenses photosynthesis respiration

25. Sequence • Discuss two ways that water moves from precipitation through part of the water cycle and returns to precipitation.

26. How Do Clouds Form? • ________-form when water vapor changes into tiny water droplets or crystals. • ___________ - affects whether the water droplets are in the form of water droplets or ice crystals • Temperature of air high in the clouds is usually ________ than the temperature of air close to the ground • ____________ - affects the forming of clouds clouds Temperature lower Air pressure

27. Air pressure • When air moves _________ to areas of less air pressure – clouds are formed • When the air pressure is ________, the air expands and cools • If the air cools enough - ___________ are formed upward less Ice crystals

28. Types of Clouds • Cirrus clouds – • Thunderheads – • Altocumulus -

29. Clouds Continued • Stratus Clouds – • Fog – • Lenticular Clouds

30. Precipitation • Clouds of __________ grow in cold air until they get large and heavy – fall to the Earth as __________ if the temperature between the cloud and the ground is less than 0 degrees Celcius. • If the ice crystals fall and the air is warmer than 0 degrees the crystals will turn into____ • Rain that freezes again before it hits the ground is called _____. Ice crystals snowflakes rain sleet

31. Hail Formation • ____ forms when very strong winds blow upward into a cloud – the winds blow the raindrops back into the freezing air at the top of the clouds – creates a small piece of ___ • As the ice is blown through the cloud, many __________ freeze on it until the ice crystals get too heavy and fall to the ground. hail ice Layers of water