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Introduction to Wetland Restoration

Introduction to Wetland Restoration. Kabul, 2006. 30.

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Introduction to Wetland Restoration

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  1. Introduction to Wetland Restoration Kabul, 2006 30 This training was prepared by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) team of Otto Gonzalez-USDA Foreign Agricultural Service (Team Leader), Jon Fripp (Civil Engineer) and Chris Hoag (Wetland Plant Ecologist)-USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (Civil Engineers). Fripp and Hoag were the primary authors of this material. The U.S. AID provided funding support for the USDA team.

  2. Wetlands • Wetlands are the areas between collection zone and open water. • Wetland are most often found in the Deposition zone • Can also be found in the Riparian buffer of the Transport Zone

  3. Wetlands are sites where surface and ground water come together.

  4. Wetlands protect areas near them that could be damaged by wave action, erosion or storms. • Wetlands will absorb storm and flood waters which will prevent damage to nearby land.

  5. Wetlands: • Provide food for many good animals and birds like the Siberian Crane • Provide a home for many animals and birds to live and multiply • Provide sites for good insects to live, hide, and multiply.

  6. When wetlands are destroyed or changed: • It changes how the water flows over the ground. • It reduces the amount of water that goes into the ground. • It changes how the water naturally drains. • It changes how the Sediment deposits on the land. • It changes where salt is deposited.

  7. Wetlands clean water Wetlands can remove: • Extra fertilizer and sewage • Bacteria • Chemicals like gasoline and oils • Metals like lead, silver, and poisonous metals

  8. Wetland plants and good bacteria are what clean the water in a wetland. • Wetland plants: • Use fertilizer in the water for growth • Filter sediment out of the water • Are houses for good bacteria to grow in • Are houses where Algae (small water plants live) • Houses and nursery areas for small and young fish

  9. Wetland plants have many roots • Wetland plants called Carex have 1.25 meters of roots in 1 cubic centimeter • Upland grasses have only 0.52 meters of root in 1 cubic centimeter • This means they prevent erosion • This means that they can clean more bad things out of the water

  10. How are wetlands destroyed? • They fill up with sediment • They are drained • Too much pollution • Changing water source and flow • Changing water table

  11. Since wetlands are good, rehabilitating a destroyed or damaged wetland can be a good treatment.

  12. Wetland plugs are planted based on the projected water levels.

  13. Rehabilitated wetland 2 years after planting.

  14. Building New Wetlands • Wetlands can be constructed in areas where they have not been before or they have been destroyed. • This can be done to improve water quality using natural wetland functions • They can be built with native wetland plants that can survive in the local weather conditions. • The design of these wetlands is complicated and additional training is needed to make them successful.

  15. Collecting Wetland Plants from established wetlands

  16. Wetland plants should be planted 45 cm apart. • The water cannot be too shallow or the plants will die and the water cannot be too deep or the plants will die. • The water depth should be between 10 cm and 40 cm. • The proper water depth depends upon the plant species that is being used.

  17. WETLANDS ARE GOOD! • Wetlands are a natural part of the Watershed Deposition and Transport Zones. • They act like the kidneys and liver in the human body • They help keep the watershed clean

  18. Wetlands are Good! The End

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