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Forelimb Imaging Quiz

Forelimb Imaging Quiz. Developed by: Sorcha McCaughley & Mark Brims Approved by: Alison King & Maureen Bain Supported by: The Chancellor’s Fund. Forelimb Imaging Quiz. START! Developed by: Sorcha McCaughley & Mark Brims Supported by: The Chancellor’s Fund. Set the scene….

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Forelimb Imaging Quiz

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  1. Forelimb Imaging Quiz Developed by: Sorcha McCaughley & Mark Brims Approved by: Alison King & Maureen Bain Supported by: The Chancellor’s Fund

  2. Forelimb Imaging Quiz START! Developed by: Sorcha McCaughley & Mark Brims Supported by: The Chancellor’s Fund

  3. Set the scene… • Radiography is an essential part of the veterinary diagnostic process. • Let’s walk through the basics of the normal Dog Forelimb. • Don’t forget the other animals – at the end you should look at the comparative species x-rays!

  4. Dog Forelimb Comparative Forelimb Choose a species: Cat Horse Ruminant Pig • Choose a question: • Shoulder (Q1) • Shoulder (Q2) • Elbow (Q3) • Elbow (Q4) • Carpus (Q5) • Foot (Q6)

  5. Dog Shoulder Q1 • (i) What is A? • Cranial Border • Scapular spine • Infraspinous fossa • (ii) What is B? • Scapular spine • Acromion process • Ventral angle • (iii) What is C? • Acromion process • Glenoid cavity • Supraglenoid tubercle A C B

  6.  Correct  Spine What can you say about the age of this dog? Answer. • Yes! (A) is the Spine of the scapula! • Here are some more examples. • Try (ii)! • Choose a new question. Spine A

  7. Answer • This is a young dog. • This is indicated by the presence of growth plates in the animal’s bones. • The growth plates mark the boundaries between Centres of Ossification. Growth Plate Go Back!

  8.  Incorrect  • No, (A) is not the Cranial Border. • The cranial border is labelled here. • Try again! • Choose a new question. Cranial border

  9.  Incorrect  • No, (A) is not the Infraspinous Fossa. • The Infraspinous Fossa is labelled here. • Try again! • Choose a new question. Infraspinous Fossa

  10.  Correct  Can you tell which dog is older? Answer. • Yes! (B) is the Acromion process! • Here are some more examples. • Try (iii)! • Choose a new question. Acromion Acromion

  11. Answer • The first dog is slightly younger. • Notice how the growth plate on the second dog has fused / closed. It is still open in the first dog. • Go Back! Growth Plate

  12.  Incorrect  • No, (B) is not the Ventral Angle. • This x-ray shows the Ventral Angle. • Try again! • Choose a new question. Ventral Angle

  13.  Incorrect  • No, (B) is not the Scapular spine. • This x-ray shows the Scapular spine. • Try again! • Choose a new question. Spine

  14.  Correct  Supraglenoid Tubercle • Yes! (C) is the Supraglenoid Tubercle! • Here are some more examples. • Try Dog Shoulder Q2. • Choose a new question. Supraglenoid Tubercle Growth Plate

  15.  Incorrect  • No, (C) is not the Acromion process. • The Acromion process is labelled in this x-ray. • Try again! • Choose a new question. Acromion process

  16.  Incorrect  • No, (C) is not the Glenoid cavity. • The Glenoid cavity is labelled in this x-ray. • Try again! • Choose a new question. Glenoid cavity

  17. Dog Shoulder Q2 • (i) What is 6? • Caudal angle • Shoulder joint space • Intertubercular groove • (ii) What is 7? • Head of Humerus • Neck of Humerus • Greater Tubercle • (iii) What is 8? • Head of Humerus • Greater Tubercle • Intertubercular Groove • (iv) Do you know what B is? Answer. B

  18.  Correct  • Yes! (6) is the Shoulder joint space! • This is where the Head of the Humerus articulates with the Glenoid Cavity of the Scapula to form the shoulder joint. • Here are more examples. • Try (ii)! • Choose a new question. Shoulder joint space Shoulder joint space

  19.  Incorrect  • No, (6) is not the Caudal Angle. • These x-rays show the Caudal Angle. • Try again! • Choose a new question. Caudal Angle Caudal Angle

  20.  Incorrect  • No, (6) is not the Intertubercular Groove • The Intertubercular Groove is labelled in these x-rays. • Try again! • Choose a new question. Intertubercular Groove

  21.  Correct  • Yes! (7) is the Head of the Humerus! • Remember: the Head of the Humerus articulates with the Glenoid Cavity of the Scapula to form the shoulder joint. • Here are more examples. • Try (iii)! • Choose a new question. Head of Humerus Head of Humerus

  22.  Incorrect  • No, (7) is not the Neck of the Humerus. • Remember: the Neck extends from the Head to become the Body of the Humerus. • The Neck of the Humerus is labelled here. • Try again! • Choose a new question. Neck of Humerus Neck of Humerus

  23.  Incorrect  Greater Tubercle • No, (7) is not the Greater Tubercle. • The Greater Tubercle is shown here. • Try again! • Choose a new question. Greater Tubercle

  24.  Correct  Greater Tubercle • Yes! (8) is the Greater Tubercle! • Here are some more examples. • Try (iv)! • Choose a new question. Greater Tubercle

  25.  Incorrect  • No, (8) is not the Head of the Humerus. • The Head of the Humerus is shown here. • Try again! • Choose a new question. Head of Humerus Head of Humerus

  26. Incorrect  • No, (8) is not the Intertubercular Groove. • The Intertubercular Groove is shown here. • Try again! • Choose a new question. Intertubercular Groove

  27. Answer • B is an Endo-Tracheal Tube. • This is placed in the Trachea to provide anaesthetic and oxygen during procedures such as x-rays and surgery. • Here is another one. • Try Dog Elbow Q3 • Choose a new question! ET tube

  28. Dog Elbow Q3 • (i) What is 1? • Anconeal Process • Olecranon Process • Medial Coronoid Process • (ii) What is 2? • Olecranon Process • Medial Coronoid Process • Anconeal Process • (iii) Structure 2 articulates with which part of 7? • Olecranon Fossa • Supracondyloid Foramen • (iv) What is 5? • Radius • Ulna • (v) What is 6? • Radius • Ulna 6 7 5

  29.  Correct  • Well done! (1) is the Olecranon process! • Remember: the Olecranon Process is the point of insertion for the Triceps muscle, the main extensor muscle of the elbow. • Here are more examples • Try (ii)! • Choose a new question. Olecranon Olecranon

  30.  Incorrect  • No, (1) is not the Anconeal Process. • Here are x-rays showing the Anconeal Process . • Try again! • Choose a new question. Anconeal Process Anconeal Process

  31.  Incorrect  • No, (1) is not the Medial Coronoid Process. • These x-rays show the Medial Coronoid Process. • Try again! • Choose a new question. Coronoid Process Coronoid Process

  32.  Correct  • Well done! (2) is the Anconeal Process! • Remember: the Anconeal Process articulates with the Olecranon Fossa of the Humerus • Here are some more examples. • Try (iii)! • Choose a new question. Anconeal Process Anconeal Process

  33.  Incorrect  • No, (2) is not the Olecranon process. • Here are some x-rays showing the Olecranon process. • Try again! • Choose a new question. Olecranon Olecranon

  34.  Incorrect  • No, (2) is not the Medial Coronoid Process. • Remember: the Medial and Lateral Coronoid Processes of the radius are the points of attachment for the annular ligament that holds the ulna in place. • The Coronoid Process is labelled in these x-rays. • Try again! • Choose a new question. Coronoid Process Coronoid Process

  35.  Correct  • Well done! • The Anconeal Process of the Ulna articulates with the Olecranon Fossa of the Humerus! • Try (iv)! • Choose a new question. Olecranon Fossa Anconeal Process

  36.  Incorrect  • No, the Anconeal Processdoes not articulate with the Supracondyloid Foramen. • This x-ray shows the Supracondyloid foramen • Remember: this is present in the cat but not the dog and blood vessels pass through it. • Try again! • Choose a new question. Supracondyloid Foramen

  37.  Correct  • Yes! (5) is the Ulna! • Remember: the Ulna has the large Olecranon Process proximally and tapers distally in the dog. • Here are more x-rays of the Ulna. • Try (v)! • Choose a new question. Ulna Ulna

  38.  Incorrect  Radius • No, (5) is not the Radius. • Here are some x-rays of the Radius. • Try again! • Choose a new question. Radius

  39.  Correct  Radius • Yes! (6) is the Radius! • Remember: the Radius is the main weight bearing bone in the antebrachium • Here are more x-rays of the radius. • Try Dog Elbow Q2! • Choose a new question. Radius

  40.  Incorrect  • No, (6) is not the Ulna. • Here are some x-rays of the Ulna. • Try again! • Choose a new question. Ulna Ulna

  41. Dog Elbow Q4 • (i) What is 7? • Medial Coronoid Process • Medial Epicondyle • Lateral Epicondyle • (ii) What is 8? • Anconeal process • Olecranon process • Head of Radius • (iii) What is 12? • Distal humeral growth plate • Supracondyloid Foramen • Olecranon Fossa

  42.  Correct  • Yes! (7) is the Medial Coronoid Process! • Remember: the Medial and Lateral Coronoid Processes of the radius are the points of attachment for the annular ligament that holds the ulna in place. • Here are other x-rays showing the Medial Coronoid Process. • Try (ii)! • Choose a new question. Coronoid Process What can you say about the age of this animal? Answer. Coronoid Process

  43. Answer • This is a young dog! • Notice the growth plates – they are particularly obvious at the proximal end of the radius. • Go Back!

  44.  Incorrect  • No, (7) is not the Medial Epicondyle. • This x-ray shows the Medial Epicondyle. • Try again! • Choose a new question. Medial Epicondyle

  45.  Incorrect  • No, (7) is not the Lateral Epicondyle. • This x-ray shows the Lateral Epicondyle. • Try again! • Choose a new question. Lateral Epicondyle

  46.  Correct  • Yes! (8) is the Olecranon process! • Here are more examples. • Try (iii)! • Choose a new question. Olecranon Olecranon

  47.  Incorrect  • No, (8) is not the Anconeal process. • These x-rays show the Anconeal process. • Try again! • Choose a new question. Anconeal process Anconeal process

  48.  Incorrect  Head of Radius • No, (8) is not the Head of the Radius. • These x-rays show the Head of the Radius. • Try again! • Choose a new question. Head of Radius

  49.  Correct  • Yes! (12) is the Olecranon Fossa! • Here is another example. • Try Dog Carpus Q1. • Choose a new question. Olecranon Fossa

  50.  Incorrect  • No, (12) is not the Distal Humeral growth plate / physis. • This x-ray shows the Distal Humeral growth plate / physis. • Try again! • Choose a new question. Distal humeral growth plate

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