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History of China

History of China. Longest continuous Civilization 中国 China. Speaker : Alice Wang. History of China. 9,600,000 km 2 34 provincial administrative regions Population (2006): 1.3159 billion (Mianland) 22.84 million (Taiwan Province) 6.99 million (Hong Kong SAR)

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History of China

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  1. History of China Longest continuous Civilization 中国 China Speaker : Alice Wang

  2. History of China • 9,600,000 km2 • 34 provincial administrative regions • Population (2006): • 1.3159 billion (Mianland) • 22.84 million (Taiwan Province) • 6.99 million (Hong Kong SAR) • 0.58 million (Macau SAR) • 56 ethnic groups • The Han people constitute about • 91% of the population China

  3. History of China Satellite Image of China in Asia

  4. History of China ▲From hunter-gatherers to farmers • Inhabited more than a million years ago by Homo erectus. • Excavations at Yuanmou and Lantian show early habitation. • Most famous specimen of Homo erectus is Peking Man found in 1923.

  5. History of China • Late Neolithic times • The Yellow River valley • Cultural Centers began to appear • First villages were founded Map of China in Neolithic Age

  6. History of China ▲Prehistory • Complicated • Lack of a written language • Existence of documents from later time periods • Problem: Centuries of introspection of Chinese people blurred the distinction between fact and fiction.

  7. History of China ▲Ancient History (Three Dynasties) • Historical Records • by Sima Qian Sima Qian (145/135B.C.~?) • Yellow Emperor, the ancestor of the Chinese people. • System of inherited rulership • Historical China began Yellow Emperor

  8. History of China 1.Xia Dynasty (abt 21~16c. B.C.) • 1st historic dynasty, but unproved • Sima Qian: the founding of Xia, 4,000 years ago • Date has not been corroborated with no clear written records • Remains poorly understood

  9. History of China 2.Shang Dynasty (1523~1027 B.C.) • 1st proved historic dynasty • Complex agricultural society • Bureaucracy and defined social classes • Well-developed writing • Great age of bronze casting • 1st Chinese Calendar

  10. History of China Oracle Bones Bronze Casting of Shang

  11. History of China 3.Zhou Dynasty Warring Sates Period (475~221 B.C.) Western Zhou (1027~771 B.C.) Eastern Zhou (770~256 B.C.) Spring and Autumn Period (770~476 B.C.)

  12. History of China • Semi-feudal system • Mandate of Heaven • Expansions into the Yangtze River valley • Military leadersvie for hegemony • Power of Zhou kings in name • only states and unification at last • New local administrative system • of commandery and prefecture

  13. History of China • Decline of enfeoffment • system and rise of feudality • Classical age: Chinese • philosophy blossomed • Hundred Schools of • Thought (Confucianism, • Taoism…) Chime • Iron implements • Written laws Confucius (551~479 B.C) Cast-iron helmet Yin and Yang

  14. History of China ▲Imperial China QinDynasty(221~207) • Unification of the other six powers • Shi Huangdi: 1st Emperor • 1st Tightly centralized legalist government • Burning and burying of scholars

  15. History of China • Unifying legal code, written language, and currency • Great Wall

  16. History of China Han Dynasty: A period of Prosperity Western Han (206 B.C.~ 24 A.D.) Eastern Han (25~220)

  17. History of China • Philosophy of • Confucianism • Great advances in arts and sciences • (Such as Paper-making) • Conflicts with Huns • Silk Road

  18. History of China ▲Era of Disunity (220~581) • An era of warlords • Greatly romanticized • (Romance of the Three Kingdoms) • Increased importance of Taoism and Buddhism

  19. History of China Jin Dynasty Western Jin (265~316) Eastern Jin (317~420) Northern and Southern Dynasties (420~581) • Non-Han Chinese ethnic groups controlling of Northern China • Han Chinese migrations to south of the Yangtze

  20. History of China ▲From Reunification to prosperity Sui Dynasty (581~618) • Similar to Qin Dynasty • (Reunification, tyranny • and short dynasty) • Tang Dynasty (618~907) • Return to prosperity • Most splendid dynasty

  21. History of China • Innovations in arts and technology • Buddhismbecame the predominant religion • Trade routes • Civil serviceexaminations • Achievements in poetry(Li Bai)

  22. History of China ▲Political disunity & defeat of Han people Five Dynasties & Ten Kingdoms (907~960) • Period of warfare • Development of printing • Paper money

  23. History of China Northern Song Dynasty (960~1127) Liao Dynasty (916~1125) Western Xia Dynasty Southern Song Dynasty (1127~1279) Jin Dynasty (1115~1234)

  24. History of China • Economic prosperity • Gunpowder wildly used militarily • Great technological developments • Invention of compass &maritime commerce

  25. History of China Mongols & Yuan Dynasty (1271~1368) • Genghis Khan • (1162～1227) • Unity of Mongol tribes • Kublai Khan • (1215-1294) • Establishment of • Yuan Dynasty Genghis Khan KublaiKhan

  26. History of China • Adopting Han Chinese customs • Playwriting • Beijing as capital of whole China for the 1st time • Growing contact with West (Marco Polo)

  27. History of China ▲Revival of Han ruleMing Dynasty (1368~1644) • Pushing back Mongolians to the steppes • Large urban centers (Nanjing, Beijing)

  28. History of China • Growth of private industry • Voyages of Zheng He • Forbidden City • Great Wall

  29. History of China ▲The last dynasty Qing Dynasty (1644~1911) • The Manchu • Adopting Confucian norms • The “Queue” & Manchu-style clothing

  30. History of China • “Eight Banners” system • Opium War (1840) • Treaty of Nanking (1842)

  31. History of China • Imperialist powers’ invasion • Taiping Rebellion (1851~1864) • Boxer Rebellion

  32. History of China • Self-Strengthening Movement • Dowager Cixi • Democratic Revolution

  33. History of China Republic of China (1912~1949) • 1st republic in Asia • Sun Yat-sen • Yuan Shikai & imperial ambitions • National Protection War

  34. History of China Warlord Era (1916-1928) • World War I & Treaty of Versailles • May Fourth Movement • Communist Party (1921.7) • Chiang Kai-shek • Northern Expedition

  35. History of China Nanjing Decade (1928-1937) • Central Plains War (1930) • Mukden Incident (1931.9.18) • Chinese Soviet Republic & Long March(1934)

  36. History of China Sino-Japanese War (1937~1945) • July Seventh Incident • Collaboration between KMT & CCP • Nanjing Massacre • Surrender of Japan

  37. History of China Civil War (1945-1949) • Chongqing Negotiation • United States influence • Defeated KMT Army • Retreat to Taiwan

  38. History of China People’s Republic of China (Since Oct. 1, 1949) National Flag National Emblem • Mao Zedong • Tiananmen gate

  39. History of China Socialist transformation (1949~1966) • Land ownership reforms • Industry and commerce reforms • Class struggle • Great Leap Forward (1957) • People's commune

  40. History of China Cultural Revolution (1966~1976) • Cult of personality • Little Red Book • Red Guards • Gang of Four • Down to the Countryside Movement

  41. History of China Pictures of Cultural Revolution period

  42. History of China Reform and openness (1976~1989) • Mao passed away (1976.9.9) • Deng Xiaoping Funeral ceremony • Economic reforms • Special Economic Zones

  43. History of China Third generation period (1989~2002) • Jiang Zemin • Macroeconomic reforms • Three Gorges Dam • Hong Kong & Macau • World Trade Organization

  44. History of China China today (2002~present) • Hu Jintao & “fourth generation” leadership • Harmonious society construction • Manned Space • Future prospects: • 2008 Beijing Olympics • 2010 Shanghai Expo

  45. Thank You!

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