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Lecture 8 Systems Development

Lecture 8 Systems Development. Topic Questions. Can an organization guarantee success in revising their information systems to meet future needs ? What can an organization do to ensure that the development process is not a waste of time?. Planning Organizational Change. Organizing Process.

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Lecture 8 Systems Development

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  1. Lecture 8 Systems Development

  2. Topic Questions Can an organization guarantee success in revising their information systems to meet future needs? What can an organization do to ensure that the development process is not a waste of time?

  3. Planning Organizational Change

  4. Organizing Process • Management Function Establishes the Relationship Between Activity and Authority • Especially Critical with Automation and Computerization • Based upon a Detailed Business Plan • If there Is no Plan, How to Organize? • Requires a Structure to Achieve Agreed-Upon Plans

  5. Components for Organizing

  6. Steps in Organizing • Review Plans and Goals • Determine Work Activities • Classify and Group Activities • Assign Work and Delegate Authority • DesignHierarchy or Relationships

  7. Organizational Planning

  8. Organizational Change • Modifying a Current Work Environment • External Sources • Political, Social, Economic, Technology • Internal Sources • Policies, Systems, Employee Attitudes • Types of Change • Strategic Process-Oriented • Structural People-Centered

  9. Organizational Change

  10. Paradigm Shift • A Change from One Way of Thinking to Another • Revolution • Evolution • Transformation • Driven by Change Agents • Environmental

  11. Revolution and Evolution

  12. Reengineering • Analysis and Design of Workflows and Processes in an Organization • Understanding the Current Process • Analysis of the Processes • Redesign of Processes • Final Process May not Appear or Include Similar Tasks as Previously

  13. Organizational Design • The Process of Creating or Modifying a Organization’s Structure • Changes to Various Elements • Evolving to Improve Operations • Influencing Factors • Strategy • Environment • Size of Organization • Age of Organization • Technology

  14. Organizational Configuration

  15. Types of Organizations • Mechanistic Structure • Rigidly Defined Tasks • Formalized Rules and Procedures • Centralized Decision Making • Organic Structure • Loosely Defined Tasks • Few Rules and Procedures • Decentralized Decision Making

  16. Concepts Span of Control The Maximum Number of Subordinates a Manager Effectively Can Supervise Delegation The Act of Assigning Subordinates Tasks and Other Work Activities Empowerment The Act of Assigning Decision Making Responsibility, Accountability, and Authority to Subordinates

  17. Organization Structures

  18. Systems Analysis

  19. System Issues

  20. Systems Analysis • Systematic Approach to Analyzing Systems • Continuity in Approach to Systems • Greater Confidence in Processes • Results Should be Duplicated • Varies from 4 Steps to 8 or 9 Steps

  21. Approaches to Analysis • There Is not One Correct Manner in which to Conduct Systems Analysis • All Approaches Include • A Process to Understand the System • Creating a Modified System • Testing the New System Components • Implementing the New System

  22. Five Phase Model

  23. Six Phase Model

  24. Six Step Waterfall Model

  25. Seven Step Model

  26. Eight Step Model

  27. Nine Process Model

  28. System Flow Model

  29. Continual Evaluation

  30. Economic Considerations

  31. Systems Development Life Cycle

  32. Developing Systems

  33. S D L C • Preliminary Investigation • Analysis • Design • Preliminary Design • Detailed Design • Development • Implementation

  34. Preliminary Investigation • Investigate the Initial Issue • Identify Conflicts in the System • Identify the Scope of the Issue or Conflict • Identify Basic Constraints (Limitations) • Evaluate Feasibility of the Project

  35. Analysis • Undertake a Detailed Study of the System • Entity Relationship Diagrams • Data Flow Diagrams • Process Flow Block Diagram • Assess whether the Conflict Can Be Reduced with Improved Processes

  36. Context Level DFD

  37. System Level DFD

  38. Detail Level DFD

  39. Design • Preliminary Design • Create a Prototype of System • Verify Output for Information • Detail Design • Specifying All Tasks in System • Given to Programmers to Code

  40. Development • Purchasing Hardware Components • Create Training for Users • Coding of the System by Programmers • Testing • Unit (Each Module) • System (All Modules Together) • Volume – Limit (Overload the System)

  41. Implementation • Install and Setup System • Fully Functional System • Trained Users • Feedback from Users • Management for Information Provided by the System • Others for Ease of Use

  42. 6σ

  43. 6σ

  44. Final Word

  45. Lecture 8 Systems Development

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