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Chapter 6 Translation / 翻译

Chapter 6 Translation / 翻译. Chapter 6 Translation / 翻译. 6.1 遗传密码 6.2 原核生物翻译机理 6.3 真核生物翻译 6.4 tRNA 结构与摇摆 6.5 实验研究. 6.1 The Genetic Code 6.2 Mechanism of Translation in Prokaryotes 6.3 Translation in Eukaryotes 6.4 tRNA Structure and Wobble 6.5 Experiments.

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Chapter 6 Translation / 翻译

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  1. Chapter 6 Translation / 翻译

  2. Chapter 6 Translation / 翻译 6.1 遗传密码 6.2 原核生物翻译机理 6.3 真核生物翻译 6.4 tRNA结构与摇摆 6.5 实验研究 6.1 The Genetic Code 6.2 Mechanism of Translation in Prokaryotes 6.3 Translation in Eukaryotes 6.4 tRNA Structure and Wobble 6.5 Experiments

  3. 6.1 The Genetic Code / 遗传密码 Translation: synthesis of a protein using an mRNA as the template. Transcription

  4. tRNA: the converter

  5. tRNA: the converter

  6. 4 bases vs.20 amino acids Leu Phe Gly U C A G Met Ile Trp Val Ala Pro Ser Thr Gln Asn Tyr Cys Lys Asp Glu His Arg

  7. 1 base → 1 amino acid Leu Phe Gly U C A G Met Ile Trp Val Ala Pro Ser Thr Gln Asn Tyr Cys Lys Asp Glu His Arg

  8. 2 bases → 1 amino acid Ile GU GC GA GG UU UC UA UG Leu Phe Gly Met Trp Val Ala Pro Ser Thr Asn AU AC AA AG Gln Tyr CU CC CA CG Cys Lys Glu Asp His Arg

  9. 3 bases → 1 amino acid

  10. The genetic code / 遗传密码

  11. 6.2 Mechanism of Translation in Prokaryotes原核生物翻译机理 6.2.1 Initiation /起始 6.2.2 Elongation / 延伸 6.2.3 Termination / 终止

  12. Composition of prokaryotic ribosome原核生物核糖体的组成

  13. 6.2.1 Initiation / 起始 Separation of 30S and 50S subunits No reassociation IF-1 Dissociation IF-3

  14. SD sequence: the translation start signal

  15. 16S rRNA 3’ end

  16. The 30s initiation complex30S起始复合体 The collection of the 30S subunit, the mRNA, and the initiator tRNA is called the 30S initiation complex.

  17. The initiator tRNA

  18. The 70S initiation complex

  19. The 70S ribosome

  20. 6.2.2 Elongation / 延伸 1) tRNA entering 2) Peptidyl transfer 3) Translocation 4) tRNA leaving

  21. 1) tRNA entering / tRNA进入

  22. 2) Peptidyl transfer / 肽基转移

  23. 3) Translocation / 移位

  24. 4) tRNA leaving / tRNA离开

  25. Elongation factors / 延伸因子 Weaver, Molecular Biology, Chapter 18

  26. Elongation factors / 延伸因子 Weaver, Molecular Biology, Chapter 18

  27. 6.2.3 Termination / 终止 Translation terminates when ribosome reaches a stop codon, because there is no tRNA being able to bind to the stop codon.

  28. Now showingTranslation: the three steps File: biophoto7 \ Introduction to Genetic Analysis \ Translation: the three steps of translation (5’)

  29. 6.3 Translation in Eukaryotes真核生物翻译 Composition of eukaryotic ribosome真核生物核糖体的组成

  30. Differences in Translation Initiation翻译起始的不同点 • Initiator tRNA / 其始tRNA • The scanning model / 扫描模型

  31. 1) Initiator tRNA / 其始tRNA Formyl Met A C C 5’ A C A G C Eukaryotic initiator tRNA Prokaryotic initiator tRNA Met A C C 5’ A G C G C Met-tRNAMet fMet-tRNAfMet A G A* Alkylated adenosine A CAU CAU Anticodon Anticodon ----引自：Turner, P. C. et al.《分子生物学精要速览》（影印版），科学出版社，1999，p.249

  32. Prokaryotic initiator tRNA 70S ribosome

  33. Eukaryotic initiator tRNA CH3 80S ribosome

  34. Yeast 80S ribosome File: Yeast 80S ribosome 1S1I.val

  35. 2) The scanning model / 扫描模型 Eukaryotes: Scanning model Prokaryotes: SD sequence

  36. The scanning model / 扫描模型

  37. Translation initiated by entering IRES site directly通过直接进入IRES位点启动翻译 IRES: internal ribosome entry sequence

  38. Picornavirus / 小核糖核酸病毒 AUG Internal entry www.uniklinikum-giessen.de/.../res_ires.htm

  39. Translation initiation in eukaryotes (1/4) eIF eukaryotic initiation factor

  40. Translation initiation in eukaryotes (2/4)

  41. Translation initiation in eukaryotes (3/4)

  42. Translation initiation in eukaryotes (4/4)

  43. 6.4 tRNA Structure and WobbletRNA结构与摇摆

  44. 6.4.1 Anti-codons / 反密码子

  45. Three-dimensional structure of a tRNA

  46. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase氨酰tRNA合成酶 Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase: a kind of enzyme that can recognize a tRNA’s anticodon and match it with the correct amino acid.

  47. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase mRNA 5’ 3’ Codon

  48. Show 3D: synthetase-tRNA complex Amino acid Anti- codon File: E coli Thr-tRNA Synthetase Complex 1QF6.val

  49. 6.4.2 Wobble / 摇摆

  50. Wobbling is possible mRNA tRNA DNA 5’ 5’ 5’ 5’

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