UNIT 4 HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

UNIT 4 HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT THE ROLE OF THE UNITED NATIONS IN PROVIDING GLOBAL HEALTH AND SUSTAINABLE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

UNIT 4 HEALTH & HUMAN DEVLOPMENT - OUTCOME 2 • Outcome 2: Promoting global health and human development • Key Knowledge:‘The role of the UN in providing global health and sustainable human development through the following areas of action: world peace and security, human rights, humanitarian assistance and social & economic development.’ • Key Skills:‘describe the role of international and Australian government and non-government agencies and organisations in global health and sustainable human development.’

THE UNITED NATIONS (UN) • WHAT IS THE UNITED NATIONS (UN)? • An international organization founded in 1945 after WW2 • 51 countries made a commitment to maintaining peace and security etc. now there are 193 members • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bHmXZXsABm0 The UN is NOT an international government and does NOT make laws. Rather, it is a forum where all member states have the equal opportunity to voice their opinions and where they can vote on global issues that affect the populations of the world. It provides the means to help resolve international conflicts and formulate policies on matters that affect all people.

Intro to the UN • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=71nlOssPqEs • UN for kids • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0baMsmuR29Q

What is the purpose of the united nations • The purpose of the UN is to bring all nations of the world together to work for peace and development based on the principles of justice, human dignity and the wellbeing of all people. • https://www.youtube.com/user/unitednations • http://www.youtube.com/user/unitednations/featured

Clip on natural disasters and the role of the UN • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZTVhbMNXp_E&feature=plcp • A good video discussing the work of the UN: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bHmXZXsABm0 • Good peace keeping / global security animation: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UtegUGSK1bg&feature=context-chf&playnext=1&list=PL49CE20981558F582

Disease outbreak • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LbsIo6dV--4&feature=plcp • Sanctions and aid: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDsYYZgAjZA&feature=plcp

International organisation • Because it is an international organisation what type of Aid would it fall under?

International organisation Multilateral Aid

http://www.un.org/Pubs/CyberSchoolBus/unintro/unintro.asp

What does the UN Do? • Works with other organisations, in an effort to solve global problems. There are 6 main parts on the UN • The trusteeship council • Secretary council • General assembly • Economic and social council • International court of justice • Secretariat

THE UNITED NATIONS (UN) The UN works, in cooperation with many other organisations, in an effort to solve global problems. This group of organisations is known as the UN system. There are 6 main parts (principle organs) of the UN system. Below is Figure 10.18 ‘The UN system’, pg 369 text. • WHAT IS THE STRUCTURE OF THE UNITED NATIONS (UN)? SECRETARIAT: Provides studies, information and facilities needed by the UN SECURITY COUNCIL: Decides resolutions for peace & security ECONOMIC & SOCIAL COUNCIL: assists in promoting international economic & social cooperation & development GENERAL ASSEMBLY: The main deliberative assembly

Purpose of the un • The UN has 4 main purposes: • Keep peace throughout the world • Develop friendly relations among nations • To help nations work together to improve the lives of poor people, conquer hunger. Disease and literacy, and to encourage respect for each other’s rights and freedoms • To be a centre for harmonising the actions of nations

Action areas know • The 4 purposes are linked to their ACTION AREAS • There are 4 key areas of Action • World Peace and Security • Human Rights • Humanitarian Action • Economic and Social Development

Human Rights World Peace & Security The Role of the UN in providing global health and sustainable human development through the following 4 areas. Humanitarian Assistance Social & Economic Development

Human Rights World Peace & Security Where there is a threat to international peace, the UN explores ways in which the conflict could be resolved – aiming for the most peaceful solution. Document that sets out basic rights and freedoms to which all men and women are entitled. Being treated equally no matter our nationality, place of residence, sex, colour, religion, language, or any other status The UN works to support and assist countries to rebuild health, educational and other services disrupted by war. - clears landmines, repairs roads, bridges Why is peace and security important to human development? The Role of the UN in providing global health and sustainable human development through the following 4 areas. what does this mean for SHD? Assistance given to humans in times of need – floods, droughts, earthquakes, conflict. To provide this they raise billions of dollars from donors and appeals. • Responsible for: • Promoting higher standard of living, full employment and economic and social progress • Encouraging universal respect for human rights • It has the power to make or initiate studies and reports on the above issues Humanitarian Assistance Social & Economic Development

Human Rights World Peace & Security Explain how each of these areas promote sustainable human development. The Role of the UN in providing global health and sustainable human development through the following 4 areas. Humanitarian Assistance Social & Economic Development

World Food Programme • Complete Summary Frame

AREA OF ACTION 1: WORLD PEACE & SECURITY • World peace and security UN peace-keepers Source: ‘VCE Health and Human Development Units 3 & 4’, Goodacre et. al. Cambridge, pg 359.

AREA OF ACTION 1: WORLD PEACE & SECURITY • World peace and security One way that the UN aims to uphold world peace and security is through peace-keeping missions. In these, the UN sends peace-keepers to regions where armed conflict has recently ceased (or paused). Since the first UN peace-keeping mission in 1948 in the Middle East, over 63 missions have been conducted throughout the world. According to the UN, today’s peace-keeping involves personnel as diverse as military groups, police officers, legal experts, humanitarian workers, human rights monitors and communications experts. They undertake a variety of complex tasks, including helping build sustainable institutions of governance, and ensuring disarmament and demobilisation of former enemies. A key focus is on building the foundations for sustainable peace and development.

AREA OF ACTION 1: WORLD PEACE & SECURITY • World peace and security Watch the clip on what the UN peacekeepers are doing around the world http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1xrn29k2hMY Answers question about affect on health and human development

AREA OF ACTION 1: WORLD PEACE & SECURITY • World peace and security Answer Q:Discuss the physical, social and economic impact landmines can have on sustainable human development. View video by the Stop Landmines Organisation: http://www.stoplandmines.org/slm/index.html

AREA OF ACTION 2: HUMAN RIGHTS • Human Rights In 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly. This document sets out the basic rights and freedoms to which all men and women are entitled. It is a protected code for all nations and all peoples. Some basic rights include: • The right to life, liberty and nationality • To freedom of thought, conscience and religion • The right to work and be educated • The right to food and housing • The right to participate in government

AREA OF ACTION 2: HUMAN RIGHTS • Human Rights Specific standards are set for women, children, people with disabilities and vulnerable groups to protect them from discrimination. The UN Commission on Human Rights conducts regular public meetings to ensure that human rights are being upheld by all member states. Class discussion:Identify and explain 2 rights/articles from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights that have a direct link to promoting global health and sustainable human development. (Refer to Fig: 10.19 ‘Sections of the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights’, pg 371 text)

AREA OF ACTION 3: HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE • Humanitarian Assistance Humanitarian assistance – ‘aid that is provided to save lives, reduce suffering and maintain human dignity.’ Humanitarian disasters can occur anywhere, at any time. Whether the cause be flood, drought, earthquake or conflict, a humanitarian disaster means lost lives, displaced populations, communities incapable of sustaining themselves and great suffering. According to the UN: • By the end of 2006, 12.8 million people had been displaced within their own countries, and 9 million had become refugees by fleeing across international borders.

AREA OF ACTION 3: HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE • Humanitarian Assistance According to the UN continued: • Natural disasters, mostly weather-related, affect more than 200 million people each year; 94% of these disasters are caused by cyclones, floods, earthquakes and droughts, with heatwaves and forest fires also taking a severe toll in human suffering.

AREA OF ACTION 3: HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE • Humanitarian Assistance • The UN has been providing humanitarian relief to people since WWII and is still a major provider of emergency relief and long-term assistance. • The provision of this assistance often means overcoming significant logistical and security restraints. Humanitarian workers have been denied access to those in need, aid workers and civilians have often been deliberately targeted by warring parties and UN convoys and compounds have also been attacked.

AREA OF ACTION 3: HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE • Humanitarian Assistance The UN provides assistance in two main ways: • 1. Providing immediate relief to victims – by providing food, shelter, medicines and support. The most vulnerable groups (including children, women & the elderly) are often provided with assistance first. Other assistance may include evacuating individuals after a natural disaster or perhaps restoring basic amenities (eg: power, water and sewerage) after they have been destroyed. • 2. The UN also works to prevent disasters and their effects from occurring again - by seeking out more effective strategies (eg: The FAO monitors potential famines and food supply & the World Meteorological Organisation carries out weather forecasting, including cyclone and drought monitoring).

AREA OF ACTION 3: HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE • Humanitarian Assistance • Explain how the monitoring of weather could be seen as a preventative approach for the promotion of health and human development?

AREA OF ACTION 4: SOCIAL & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT • Social & Economic Development

AREA OF ACTION 4: SOCIAL & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT • Social & Economic Development Haiti six months after the quake: risks, support and opportunities impact the lives of children in Haiti PORT-AU-PRINCE/NEW YORK, 12 July 2010 – Six months after the strongest earthquake to hit Haiti in 200 years, the challenges to meet the needs of more than 800,000 affected children and their families remain daunting. Today, safe water is being provided to some 1.2 million people through our partnership with other aid organizations and UNICEF is directly providing water to 330,000. More than 275,000 children have been immunized against major vaccine preventable diseases. Nutrition programmes are providing food to some 550,000 people with special needs -- children under five and lactating women – and some 2000 children with severe acute malnutrition are now receiving life-saving therapeutic feeding and care. 500,000 children in total have received basic education materials, 185,000 children from UNICEF’s own programmes. And special training has been provided to some 2,300 teachers and 3,000 education personnel. The earthquake left behind a death toll of over 220,000 persons and over 300,000 injured in an already fragile nation. Some two million persons have been displaced from their homes and some 1.6 million of them remain in overcrowded displacement camps. The country’s infrastructure, never strong, was devastated with 60 per cent of government infrastructure destroyed and over 180,000 homes uninhabitable. The education sector was hard hit by this disaster, with 3,978 schools damaged or destroyed -- 80 per cent of all schools in the earthquake zone. This has compounded an already fragile situation where less than half of school-aged children were attending school before the earthquake. The earthquake in Haiti was a disaster for children and it isn't over yet," said Anthony Lake, UNICEF Executive Director. "UNICEF and its partners are working hard every day to save lives and help children claim their future."

AREA OF ACTION 4: SOCIAL & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT • Social & Economic Development Three months ago, the Government with the support of UNICEF took up the challenge of getting all Haiti’s children into school. Temporary schools have been slowly restoring structure and stability to the lives of earthquake affected children and also providing a locus for other health and protection initiatives. The focus now is to expand access to learning opportunities for all children, particularly the hardest to reach, across the nation. Accelerating site clearance, identifying solutions for relocation of displaced families occupying school grounds and speeding up school construction to ensure space is available before the next school year are both challenges and priorities for UNICEF and its partners. UNICEF is also working with the Government to alleviate the burden of school fees in a context where ninety per cent of schools are fee-based and not public. Discussion Q:Briefly outline how the situation in Haiti, before UNICEF’s intervention, could impact on social and economic development? Discussion Q: Identify 1 UNICEF intervention since the earthquake and discuss how this positively impacts on social and economic development. Source: http://www.unicef.org/media/media_54256.html

UNIT 4 HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT