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Future Applications of Functional MRI for Clinical Diagnosis and Research

This article explores the potential future applications of functional MRI in understanding normal brain organization, clinical research, and clinical treatment. It delves into the utilization of fMRI for diagnosis, prediction of pathology, and therapy, among others. The technology and methodology advancements discussed include coil arrays, higher field strength, resting-state fluctuation assessment, and novel functional contrasts. Various uses, such as lie detection, brain-computer interfaces, and behavior prediction, are also highlighted. The text emphasizes the importance of high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for better resolution and subtle comparisons in fMRI studies.

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Future Applications of Functional MRI for Clinical Diagnosis and Research

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  1. Functional MRI: Future at NIH Peter A. Bandettini, Ph.D. Section on Functional Imaging Methods http://fim.nimh.nih.gov Laboratory of Brain and Cognition & Functional MRI Facility http://fmrif.nimh.nih.gov

  2. “fMRI” or “functional MRI”

  3. Motor (black) Primary Sensory (red) Integrative Sensory (violet) Basic Cognition (green) High-Order Cognition (yellow) Emotion (blue) J. Illes, M. P. Kirschen, J. D. E. Gabrielli, Nature Neuroscience, 6 (3)m p.205

  4. Uses Understanding normal brain organization and changes -networks involved with specific tasks (low to high level processing) -changes over time (seconds to years) -correlates of behavior (response accuracy, performance changes…) Clinical research -correlates of activated networks to clinical populations -presurgical mapping Future Uses Complementary use for clinical diagnosis -utilization of clinical research results -prediction of pathology Clinical treatment and assessment -therapy, rehabilitation, biofeedback -epileptic foci mapping -drug effects Non clinical uses -complementary use with behavioral, anatomical, other modality results -lie detection -prediction of behavior tendencies -brain/computer interface

  5. Technology Methodology Coil arrays Higher field strength Higher resolution “Resting state” Fluctuation assessment Multi-modal integration Pattern classification Novel Functional Contrasts Fluctuations Dynamics Cross - modal comparison Basic Neuroscience Behavior correlation/prediction Pathology correlation Interpretation Applications

  6. CRADA: fMRI • Goals: • Single shot voxel volume = 1 to 1.5 mm2 • Embedded (simultaneous) contrasts at high res.: • -volume, BOLD, flow, diffusion • Eliminate signal dropout (better shimming) • Applications: • High spatial frequency information and simultaneous multiple contrast information is novel and could increase clinical utility of fMRI.

  7. Reasons for higher SNR -Shorter scan duration -Higher Resolution -More subtle comparisons Murphy et al.

  8. coil1 coil2 coil3 coil volumes: V1>V3>V2 Increasing number of array elements from 8 to 16 results in SNR gains of 10%, 13% and 18% in the whole brain, brain center and periphery, respectively.

  9. Simulated gains in TNSR with doubling sensitivity Temporal SNR

  10. J. Bodurka

  11. day 1 day 2 day 3 Yacoub et al: differential maps contrasting stimulation of the left and right eye

  12. SNR improvements allow for high resolution fMRI

  13. Object categories are associated with distributed representations in ventral temporal cortex Ventral temporal category representations • Present photos of common objects blocked by category. • Use fMRI to measure the pattern of high and low responses across large areas of ventral temporal cortex. • Observe stable, distributed “category representations”

  14. NEUROIMAGE 19 (2): 261-270 Part 1 JUN 2003

  15. Comparison of two groups of normal individuals with differences in the Serotonin Transporter Gene

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