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Chapter 2: The Challenge to Spain and the Settlement of North America

Chapter 2: The Challenge to Spain and the Settlement of North America. The French. Giovanni da Verranzo - France- searched for Northwest passage route to Asia in 1524 Jacques Cartier - France - Reached St. Lawrence River - Claimed Eastern Canada for France – 1535

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Chapter 2: The Challenge to Spain and the Settlement of North America

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  1. Chapter 2: The Challenge to Spain and the Settlement of North America

  2. The French • Giovanni daVerranzo- France- searched for Northwest passage route to Asia in 1524 • Jacques Cartier - France - Reached St. Lawrence River - Claimed Eastern Canada for France – 1535 • Samuel de Champlain - France - “Father of New France” - Established Quebec (the 1st permanent French colony in N. America) - Established settlements and explored Maine, Montreal & Nova Scotia - 1608

  3. The French • French settle Quebec (1608) & Montreal (1642) and what would become Canada • Population generally scattered • Present day Canada, west of Appalachia to Rocky Mountains, and Caribbean islands • Population grew slow- 6,000 whites by 1750 compared to 2,000,000 in the 13 colonies

  4. The French • Characteristics of New France: • Focused mainly on trading with Indians • Best relationship with Indians of any European power • Fur trade (especially beaver) were successful • Coureur de bois- frontiersmen who traded with Indians • Jesuit Missionaries tried to convert • Settlements had no elected assemblies or trial by jury • Primarily Catholic

  5. European Colonization The Dutch • Like French, Dutch focus on fur trade, ally with Indians, & send only a few men to settlements • Found Albany (New York, 1614) on Hudson River • New Netherland (becomes New York) is an extension of the Dutch global trade system (1609) • 1624 founded New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island • Henry Hudson was the big Dutch explorer • First European colony that practiced ethnic and religious plurality • Done in an attempt to attract settlers and stimulate trade • Appealed to refugees

  6. Types of Colonies In British North America • Charter Colony:Chartered to an individual, trading company, etc. by the British crown • Proprietary Colony: One or more private land owners are granted territories over which they then have full governing rights • Royal Colony:A colony that is governed directly by the crown

  7. Southern Colonies Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

  8. Chesapeake Colonies • Maryland • Virginia • Still part of the Southern Colonies

  9. CHART: THIRTEEN COLONIES Colony/DatePerson ResponsibleWhy FoundedGoverned/Owner

  10. Population of Chesapeake Colonies: 1610-1750

  11. Colonization of Chesapeake

  12. Early British Settlement • Reasons why Britain got interested in establishing colonies in North America • Population growth in England (recovering from black death) • Eventual peace with Spain allowed them to travel unopposed • Economic opportunity • Land available • Adventure • Markets • Freedom (political and religious) • Chance for social advancement • Joint Stock companies could/would provide trip there

  13. Early British Settlement • Sir Humphrey Gilbert first tried to establish a British colony in New Foundland in 1583, but died while at sea • His ½ brother, Sir Walter Raleigh next established a colony at Roanoke Island in present day Virginia in 1585 that was made up of 75 men • Not particularly bright people, they captured and tortured local indians and/or held them ransom • Colony ultimately failed when new supplies failed to arrive • Sir Francis Drake picked them up and brought them back to England • He left 15 of his own men behind and they were never heard from again…foreshadowing • In 1587, Raleigh tried again(115 men, women, and children). • When Raleigh returned to Roanoke from England in 1588- entire colony had vanished…including the buildings • 20 years later the English tried again and this time it took- Jamestown Colony was established in 1607

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