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European moss survey 2010/11: heavy metals, nitrogen and POPs

ICP VEGETATION. European moss survey 2010/11: heavy metals, nitrogen and POPs. N, 2005/6. Progress HM & N New: Pilot study POPs Review: mosses as biomonitors of POPs. 30 th. Participation 2010/11 moss survey. ICP VEGETATION. 30 th.

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European moss survey 2010/11: heavy metals, nitrogen and POPs

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  1. ICP VEGETATION European moss survey 2010/11: heavy metals, nitrogen and POPs N, 2005/6 • Progress HM & N • New: Pilot study POPs • Review: mosses as • biomonitors of POPs 30th

  2. Participation 2010/11 moss survey ICP VEGETATION 30th Black: heavy metals Blue: heavy metals & N EMEP: case study 5x5 km2 (12 countries) (14 countries)

  3. NEW: Pilot study POPs ICP VEGETATION Participating countries: France (Île de France) Spain (Navarra) Switzerland (Swiss Plateau) Poland (PAHs, 30 sites) Slovenia (PAHs, 30 sites) Norway (various POPs) Lab in France: PAHs in Hypnum cupressiforme, 20 sites per country 30th PAHs: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

  4. Mosses as biomonitors of POPs ICP VEGETATION • Concern: toxic, persistent, bioaccumulate, long-range transport • Measured and modelled by EMEP (high uncertainties) • 2009: 23 EMEP monitoring sites in total in 17 countries • POPs measured: pesticides, PAHs, HCHs, HCB and PCBs Benzo[a]pyrene concentrations at EMEP sites in 2009 (Gusev et al., 2011) 30th

  5. Mosses as biomonitors of POPs ICP VEGETATION • Majority of studies on PAHs • Gradient studies near pollution sources or in remote areas • (Arctic and Antartic) • Few studies investigated relationship between air concentrations, • deposition fluxes and POPs concentrations in mosses • Benzo[ghi]perylene: • C1 = 1.62*C2 + 259.6*C3 + 0.74*P (R = 0.74, P = 0.002) • Benzo[a]pyrene: • C1 = 1.31*C2 + 180.3*C3 + 0.16*P (R = 0.66, P = 0.007)(Thomas, 1986) • Fluroanthene: • C1 = 0.33*C2 + 26.2*C3 + 0.19*P (R = 0.91, P = 0.000) • (C1 = moss, C2 = rainwater, C3 = PM, P = precipitation) 30th

  6. Mosses as biomonitors of POPs ICP VEGETATION • Few studies on temporal trends of PAHs: • changes in concentration and composition in moss • reflect changes in emission sources and levels • herbarium moss samples: an effective tool to reconstruct • historical trends in PAHs deposition (Foan et al., 2010) • Mosses also good biomonitors for: • polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) • dioxins/furans • polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) 30th

  7. Research recommendations ICP VEGETATION • More studies to investigate relationship between air • concentrations, deposition fluxes and POPs in mosses • Hence, moss sampling required at national and/or regional • (EMEP) POPs monitoring sites • Study effects of other variables (such as temperature, altitude, • precipitation, moss species) on POPs concentrations in mosses • If pilot study successful, more countries should participate in the • future; repeat POPs survey to establish temporal trends 30th

  8. Impacts of black carbon (BC) on vegetation ICP VEGETATION • Little known about direct impact BC Hirano et al., 1995 Rise T (oC) Cucumber : Increase leaf temperature Increase water loss Light (umol m-2 s-1) • More known about direct impact road dust: • Increase leaf temperature, blocking of leaf pores, reduction • photosynthesis (shading or impeded gas diffusion) • … but effects at relatively high concentrations 30th

  9. Impacts of black carbon (BC) on vegetation ICP VEGETATION • Complex indirect impacts of air pollutants • (e.g. aerosols, atmospheric brown clouds): • Difficult to distinguish impacts BC • Aerosols (including BC) affect cloudiness, • precipitation, surface temperature, • but large uncertainties in physical • processes and impacts not well quantified • (UNEP-WMO, 2011) • BC: warming, • OC (organic carbon): cooling atmosphere • BC: global dimming, increase direct-to-diffuse radiation ratio; • potentially reducing CO2 sequestration 30th

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