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Moss Biomonitoring of Heavy Metals, Nitrogen, and POPs: 30th ICP VEGETATION Survey

Explore the latest findings on mosses as bioindicators for pollutants in the 30th ICP VEGETATION survey, focusing on heavy metals, nitrogen, and persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Discover key research areas, including monitoring of PAHs and recommendations for future studies. Investigate the impacts of black carbon on vegetation and various pollutants in the atmosphere.

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Moss Biomonitoring of Heavy Metals, Nitrogen, and POPs: 30th ICP VEGETATION Survey

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  1. ICP VEGETATION European moss survey 2010/11: heavy metals, nitrogen and POPs N, 2005/6 • Progress HM & N • New: Pilot study POPs • Review: mosses as • biomonitors of POPs 30th

  2. Participation 2010/11 moss survey ICP VEGETATION 30th Black: heavy metals Blue: heavy metals & N EMEP: case study 5x5 km2 (12 countries) (14 countries)

  3. NEW: Pilot study POPs ICP VEGETATION Participating countries: France (Île de France) Spain (Navarra) Switzerland (Swiss Plateau) Poland (PAHs, 30 sites) Slovenia (PAHs, 30 sites) Norway (various POPs) Lab in France: PAHs in Hypnum cupressiforme, 20 sites per country 30th PAHs: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

  4. Mosses as biomonitors of POPs ICP VEGETATION • Concern: toxic, persistent, bioaccumulate, long-range transport • Measured and modelled by EMEP (high uncertainties) • 2009: 23 EMEP monitoring sites in total in 17 countries • POPs measured: pesticides, PAHs, HCHs, HCB and PCBs Benzo[a]pyrene concentrations at EMEP sites in 2009 (Gusev et al., 2011) 30th

  5. Mosses as biomonitors of POPs ICP VEGETATION • Majority of studies on PAHs • Gradient studies near pollution sources or in remote areas • (Arctic and Antartic) • Few studies investigated relationship between air concentrations, • deposition fluxes and POPs concentrations in mosses • Benzo[ghi]perylene: • C1 = 1.62*C2 + 259.6*C3 + 0.74*P (R = 0.74, P = 0.002) • Benzo[a]pyrene: • C1 = 1.31*C2 + 180.3*C3 + 0.16*P (R = 0.66, P = 0.007)(Thomas, 1986) • Fluroanthene: • C1 = 0.33*C2 + 26.2*C3 + 0.19*P (R = 0.91, P = 0.000) • (C1 = moss, C2 = rainwater, C3 = PM, P = precipitation) 30th

  6. Mosses as biomonitors of POPs ICP VEGETATION • Few studies on temporal trends of PAHs: • changes in concentration and composition in moss • reflect changes in emission sources and levels • herbarium moss samples: an effective tool to reconstruct • historical trends in PAHs deposition (Foan et al., 2010) • Mosses also good biomonitors for: • polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) • dioxins/furans • polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) 30th

  7. Research recommendations ICP VEGETATION • More studies to investigate relationship between air • concentrations, deposition fluxes and POPs in mosses • Hence, moss sampling required at national and/or regional • (EMEP) POPs monitoring sites • Study effects of other variables (such as temperature, altitude, • precipitation, moss species) on POPs concentrations in mosses • If pilot study successful, more countries should participate in the • future; repeat POPs survey to establish temporal trends 30th

  8. Impacts of black carbon (BC) on vegetation ICP VEGETATION • Little known about direct impact BC Hirano et al., 1995 Rise T (oC) Cucumber : Increase leaf temperature Increase water loss Light (umol m-2 s-1) • More known about direct impact road dust: • Increase leaf temperature, blocking of leaf pores, reduction • photosynthesis (shading or impeded gas diffusion) • … but effects at relatively high concentrations 30th

  9. Impacts of black carbon (BC) on vegetation ICP VEGETATION • Complex indirect impacts of air pollutants • (e.g. aerosols, atmospheric brown clouds): • Difficult to distinguish impacts BC • Aerosols (including BC) affect cloudiness, • precipitation, surface temperature, • but large uncertainties in physical • processes and impacts not well quantified • (UNEP-WMO, 2011) • BC: warming, • OC (organic carbon): cooling atmosphere • BC: global dimming, increase direct-to-diffuse radiation ratio; • potentially reducing CO2 sequestration 30th

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