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Examples of Saltatorial Mammals

Discover the saltatorial adaptations and examples of saltatorial mammals, including Macropodidae, Lemuridae, and Saltatorial Rodents. Learn about their long hind limbs, specialized hind limb musculature, and other adaptations for rapid acceleration and extreme maneuverability.

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Examples of Saltatorial Mammals

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  1. Examples of Saltatorial Mammals Macropodidae Lemuridae

  2. Saltatorial Rodents Pedetidae Pedetescapensis: Cape springhare Dipodidiae Euchoreutesnaso: long eared jerboa Heteromyidae Dipodomysingens: giant hangaroo rat Muridae: Murinae Muridae: Gerbillinae

  3. Saltatorial Adaptations All these forms have very long hind limbs: selection has optimized Vo & they have very long out levers on their hind limbs. B. They have large hind limb musculature to compensate. There often is a reduction in number of digits in the hind limb. The front limb is almost always very generalized, and is used in feeding, grooming, etc. C. Other Adaptations Stiffening of axial skeleton. Elastic energy storage mechanisms. Long counter-balancing tail. D. Advantages: rapid acceleration extreme maneuverability.

  4. Cursorial Adaptations: Increase Stride Length 1. Increase length of distal elements 2. Change in foot posture.

  5. Cursorial Adaptations: Increase Stride Length Fused metapodials – cannon bone Cetartiodactyls Perrisodactyls

  6. Cursorial Adaptations: Increase Stride Length 3. Loss/Reduction of clavicle – allows scapula to rotate during stride. Suspension of front limb in muscular sling

  7. Cursorial Adaptations: Increase Stride Length 4. Increased dorso-ventral flexion of spine. Incurs a huge energetic cost.

  8. Cursorial Adaptations: Increase Stride Rate Optimize Vo 1. Short in-levers and long out-levers. 2. Increase the number of joints: Vo Total = Sum of all Vo in limb Vo(Total) = Vo(Scapula) + Vo(Humerus) + Vo(Ulna) + Vo(Cannon Bone) + Vo(Hoof) 3. Decrease inertia of limb distally Loss of peripheral digits. Confine movement to a single plane – astragalus. Concentrate muscles to proximal portion of limb.

  9. Friction Pads Scansorial Mammals Erethizon Prehensile Organs Claws Sciurus Sciuruscarolinensis: American grey squirrel Galago Galagocrassicaudatus: greater bushbaby Ateles Atelesgeoffroyi: Geoffroys’s spider monkey

  10. Myzopodaaurita(sucker-footed bat)

  11. Scansorial - Brachiation Hylobates

  12. Gliding Eupetaurus Petaurus Cynocephalus

  13. Gliding Stylar cartilage Thorington et al. Journal of Mammalogy, Vol. 79, No. 1 pp. 245-250.

  14. Eupetaurus - wooly flying squirrel

  15. Swimming Hippopotamids Lutrines (Mustelidae) Hippopotamus amphibius Lontracanadensis

  16. Swimming Otariids Phocids Zalophuscalifornicus Phoca vitulina

  17. Transitional sirenian fossils (Pezosiren): Domning (2001. Nature) Transitional pinnipedcarnivoran fossils (Puijila): Rybczynski et al. (2009. Nature)

  18. Some fossil cetaceans Ambulocetus Pakicetus

  19. Basilosaurus Hind limb Megaptera

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