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PLEASE DO THIS!!

PLEASE DO THIS!!. Take off your left shoe and place it on my desk in the front. Chapter 18: Classification. There are 1.5 million different identified species (alive and extinct) How can we keep all these organisms in order?. Classification

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PLEASE DO THIS!!

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  1. PLEASE DO THIS!! • Take off your left shoe and place it on my desk in the front

  2. Chapter 18: Classification

  3. There are 1.5 million different identified species (alive and extinct) • How can we keep all these organisms in order?

  4. Classification • is the method of logically grouping organisms based on some common characteristics • Taxonomy • does the actually grouping into the groups called TAXON (s – TAXA) with some kind of biological significance. • EX: Things that fly, swim, walk, have feathers, etc.

  5. How many different terms can you think of for trying to tell someone something is really good? WRITE ‘EM DOWN!Do these words have more than one meaning? YES!

  6. There is a need for a common term to describe an individual organism so that all people understand when the term is used. • Carolus Linnaeus came up with the system ofBinomial Nomenclature.

  7. Carolus Linnaeus • He assigned two Latin names to each different species of organisms. • This is their Scientific name. • Homo sapiens (human) Homo sapiens Ursusmaritimus (polar bear) Ursusmaritimus Alba rubrum (red oak) Ursusarctos (grizzly bear)

  8. How to write the name • Genus name first • Always CAPITALIZED • Species name second • Never capitalized • Can either be… • Italicized • Underlined

  9. Cur Latin? • Scientific names will always be in Latin. • Latin is a dead language that will not evolve unlike other languages. • Little chance of change through time. • Universally understood in the science community

  10. DICHOTOMOUS KEY 1A: If orange, go to………………………………………..2 1B: If not orange, go to …………………………………..4 2A: Has wings, it is ……………………………………….. Charizard 2B: Does not have wings, go to ………………………….3 3A: Teeth showing, it is …………………………………... Charmander 3B: Teeth not showing, it is ……………………………… Charmeleon 4A: Shell present, go to …………………………………… 5 4B: Shell absent, go to ……………………………………. 7 5A: Ears present, go to …………………………………… 6 5B: No ears, it is ……………………………………….… Squirtle 6A: Guns on back, it is ……………………………………. Blastoise 6B: No guns on back, it is ……………………………….. Wartortle 7A: Flower on back, go to ………………………………… 8 7B: No flower on back, it is ……………………………….. Bulbasaur 8A: Rounded eye shape, it is …………………………… Venusaur 8B: Triangular eye shape, it is …………………………. Ivysaur

  11. The Taxonomic order: • From the biggest group to the smallest group or taxa Taxa Human CatDog Kingdom AnimaliaAnimaliaAnimalia Phylum ChordataChordataChordata Class Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Order Primate CarnivoraCarnivora Family HominoidaeFelidaeCanidae Genus Homo FelisCanis species sapiens catuslupus Which two organisms are more closely related and why?

  12. The Taxonomic order: DOMAIN KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Dumpy Kings Play Cards On Fat Green Stools

  13. Modern methods of classification rely on evolutionary relationships in place of homologous structures. • Birds, bats and insects should not be classified together because they all have wings and fly. Analogous structures are MISLEADING!

  14. Evolutionary classification classifies organisms in taxa based on lines of common descent, not physical similarities • Uses proteins, DNA and genes to determine classification and relatedness • Human Genome project that decoded our DNA helped to show evolutionary relationships with other species, even totally unrelated species. Think back to the evidence of evolution activity • The more closely related organisms are, the more Amino acids they will have in common and the more recently they evolved from some kind of common ancestry.

  15. Kingdoms and Domains • 1700’s – Plants and Animals only • Is this right? • 1800’s – Protists, Plants and Animals • Is this right? • 1950’s – 5 Kingdom system, including Fungus and Monera • Are we close now? • Now – 6 Kingdoms divided into 3 Domains • This has to be it, yes?

  16. Domain Bacteria • Characteristics of the Domain • Unicellular, multicellular, or both? • Prokaryotic or eukaryotic? • Cell walls? • IF so, material? _______________________ • Kingdom: Eubacteria • true bacteria • The “normal” bacteria you think of

  17. Domain Archaea • Characteristics of the Domain • Unicellular, multicellular, or both? • Prokaryotic or eukaryotic? • Cell walls? • IF so, material? _______________________ • Kingdom: Archaebacteria • Ancient bacteria • Live in areas with no oxygen, super hot temperatures, and high amounts of salt/acid

  18. Domain Eukarya • Characteristics of the Domain • Prokaryotic or eukaryotic? • Broken into 4 kingdoms • Protista • Fungi • Plantae • Animalia

  19. Domain Eukarya • Kingdom Protista • Unicellular, multicellular, or both? • Prokaryotic or eukaryotic? • Autotroph, heterotroph, or both? • IF heterotroph, absorptive or ingestive? • Cell walls? • IF so, material? _______________________ • Examples: amoeba, paramecium, volvox

  20. Domain Eukarya • Kingdom Fungi • Unicellular, multicellular, or both? • Prokaryotic or eukaryotic? • Autotroph, heterotroph, or both? • IF heterotroph, absorptive or ingestive? • Cell walls? • IF so, material? _______________________ • Examples: mushrooms, yeast, mold

  21. Domain Eukarya • Kingdom Plantae • Unicellular, multicellular, or both? • Prokaryotic or eukaryotic? • Autotroph, heterotroph, or both? • IF heterotroph, absorptive or ingestive? • Cell walls? • IF so, material? _______________________ • Examples: mosses, conifers, flowers

  22. Domain Eukarya • Kingdom Animalia • Unicellular, multicellular, or both? • Prokaryotic or eukaryotic? • Autotroph, heterotroph, or both? • IF heterotroph, absorptive or ingestive? • Cell walls? • IF so, material? _______________________ • Examples: sponges, insects, cats, humans

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