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Water Safety Plans at small-scale and community level

Water Safety Plans at small-scale and community level. Prof Richard Carter (WaterAid) and Dr Jen Smith (Cranfield University). Overview. The need for Water Safety Plans WHO / IWA WSP steps WSP in small-scale / community managed systems Liberia (no WSP) community handpump

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Water Safety Plans at small-scale and community level

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  1. Water Safety Plans at small-scale and community level Prof Richard Carter (WaterAid) and Dr Jen Smith (Cranfield University)

  2. Overview The need for Water Safety Plans WHO / IWA WSP steps WSP in small-scale / community managed systems Liberia (no WSP) community handpump Nigeria (no WSP) urban dug wells Bangladesh findings from WSP pilot project WSP critique The future – ‘Water Security’ Plans?

  3. The need for Water Safety Plans • Unreliable and unavailable • Health • Results are too late • WASH related illnesses • Requires resources & expertise e.g. diarrhoea

  4. WSP steps

  5. WSP in context Literacy Motivation Health targets WASH education Community & Small-scale MANAGEMENT

  6. Liberia – community handpumps Review & amend current practice Functioning water committee Active community health volunteers Best practice followed

  7. Nigeria – urban self supply New thinking Variable well conditions 1 owner, many users Limited space (toilet & well) Poor health understanding Little governmental support Reactive culture

  8. Bangladesh – WSP pilot study APSU, 2006 Success • Improved microbial quality: • at tap • in home • Not 0 CFU/100ml • Significant & consistent reductions in sanitary risks • Simple monitoring tool (pictorial) • On-going surveillance • Further capacity building (local & regional)

  9. WSP for small self-supply and community-managed systems What do users care about in terms of water? Importance of external support Buy-in from all parties How do you regulate / monitor / verify? Template use – links with complacency? Success of localised revisions Culture – recording data / proactive approach

  10. Beyond water safety plans (1) Water consumers want: • ready access • adequate quantity • adequate quality • acceptable reliability • at a price they can afford • without an unrealistic management burden

  11. Beyond water safety plans (2) Why consumers want • ready access: convenience, time and energy saving • adequate quantity: for domestic and productive uses • adequate quality: for aesthetic reasons, health • acceptable reliability: convenience and time saving • at a price they can afford: poverty, valuation of water • without an unrealistic management burden: convenience

  12. Outcomes and impacts of improved water supply Outcomes: Increased consumption of adequate quality water from a reliable, affordable and manageable system - in other words, functioning and utilisation (WHO MEP) of a sustainable service (WaterAid, Triple-S and others). Impacts: Time and energy saving leading to socio-economic impacts.Enhanced quantity and quality leading to (small) health impacts.

  13. Beyond water safety plans (3) Not only water quality (safety) for health ... but a fully functioning water supply service in order to achieve the wider outcomes and impacts which consumers want. ... towards water security

  14. Water security has environmental and management dimensions Environmental aspects: quality and quantity of water resources, pressures, trends Management aspects: financing and institutional arrangements to ensure functional sustainability

  15. Towards ‘water security’ plans with the practicality of water safety plans Combining the principles of integrated water resource management + Practical + Simple + Risk-based + Achievable - Limited focus - High-level - Poorly defined - Hard to implement + Common sense + Integrated Moving towards a risk-based approach for ensuring sustainable water supply services

  16. j.a.smith@cranfield.ac.uk richardcarter@wateraid.org Thank you

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