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The origin of Life

The origin of Life. Origin of the Solar System. Earth is estimated to be ~4.6byo Radiometric dating of rocks & meteors Nebula: cloud of gas & dust in space Nebula Hypothesis: Gravity pulled much material together (Sun formed) Planets: remaining materials. Ancient Earth.

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The origin of Life

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  1. The origin of Life

  2. Origin of the Solar System • Earth is estimated to be ~4.6byo • Radiometric dating of rocks & meteors • Nebula: cloud of gas & dust in space • Nebula Hypothesis: • Gravity pulled much material together (Sun formed) • Planets: remaining materials

  3. Ancient Earth • Atmosphere contents: • Ammonia, H2O vapor, Methane, CO2 • Climate: • Extreme heat due to meteor impacts & volcanic activity • Eventually Cooling: Water vapor condensed (oceans formed) Click on picture to play video clip

  4. Organic Molecules 1. Miller- Urey Experiment • Hypothesis: Energy from lightning created organic materials from inorganic ingredients • Experimental Set-Up: • Ammonia, H2O vapor, Methane, CO gases added • Electricity added (simulate lightning) • Result: Amino Acids & later nucleotides

  5. 2. Meteorite Hypothesis Hypothesis: Amino acids arrived on earth by a meteorite. Murchison Meteorite

  6. Early Cell Formation • Lipid membrane hypothesis • Liposomes • Spheres of lipids • Can form around organic molecules • Hypothesis: 1st cell membranes?

  7. Early Genetic Material • A hypothesis proposes that RNA was the first genetic material. • Ribozymes are RNA molecules that catalyze their own replication. • DNA needs enzymes to replicate itself.

  8. Eukaryotic cell formation • Endosymbiosis is a relationship in which one organism lives within the body of another. • Mitochondria and chloroplasts may have developed through endosymbiosis.

  9. Multicellular Life & Biodiversity • Evolution of sexual reproduction led to increased diversity/variation. • Sexual reproduction may have led to multicellular life.

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