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Chapter 5

Chapter 5. Section 2 Early Industry. A Revolution in Transportation. Summer 1817 – Erie Canal is built 363 Miles National Road Cumberland Maryland to Wheeling West Virginia

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Chapter 5

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  1. Chapter 5 Section 2 Early Industry

  2. A Revolution in Transportation • Summer 1817 – Erie Canal is built • 363 Miles • National Road • Cumberland Maryland to Wheeling West Virginia • The only federally funded transportation project of its time – once again the question of what does the constitution say about a road? • Private companies laid down hundreds of miles of toll roads

  3. A Revolution in Transportation • Steamboats and Canals • Rivers are a faster and more efficient way to move goods • Problem: Loaded boats and barges could usually travel only downstream moving with the current until • Robert Fulton – Clermont – First steamboat • Was able to move against the current

  4. A Revolution in Transportation • The “Iron Horse” • Railroad • Some people did not like the railroads they said they were dangerous, uncomfortable, dirty and ugly • Trains traveled faster and they could go anywhere tracks were laid • Coal extraction shot up from 50,000 tons to 14 million

  5. A New System of Production • Industrial Revolution • Manufacturing shifted from hand tools to large complex machines • Free enterprise system – private and property rights – encourages competition • Industrialization began in the Northeast • Francis C. Lowell – mass production of cotton cloth • Opened a series of mills • Boston Manufacturing Company • Built residences for workers who were mostly young women and children

  6. Technological Advances • Eli Whitney • Invented the Cotton Gin • Introduced the concept of interchangeable parts • Samuel Morse • Morse Code • Allowed people to communicate across the country using a series of dots

  7. Rise of Large Cities • Growing cities provided opportunities • Workers begin to Organize • Labor Unions – pushed for higher wages, shorter workday (10 hour) • Most Employees refused to recognize the unions • Strikes – work stoppages • Courts often ruled against unions saying they were conspiracies that limited free enterprise

  8. Life in the North • Life in Northern Cities • Established police departments to combat crime • Fire Departments • Disease • Human and animal waste was evident in the water systems • Northern Cities became havens for runaway slaves

  9. Life on the Farm • Family • Entire family worked on the farm year round • The North began making the transition from agriculture to manufacturing while the South clung to agriculture

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